What do randomized controlled trials say about virtual rehabilitation in stroke? A systematic literature review and meta-analysis of upper-limb and cognitive outcomes

Table 5 PEDro Scale risk of bias ratings for the included studies

First Author, Year	C1	C2	C3	C4	C5	C7	C8	C9	C10	C11	TOTAL
Assis, 2014	1	1	0	0	0	0	1	1	1	1	6
Broeren, 2008	1	1	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	1	5
Chen, 2015	1	0	0	1	0	1	1	1	1	1	7
Choi, 2014	1	1	1	1	0	1	1	1	1	1	9
Crosbie, 2012	1	1	1	1	0	1	1	1	1	1	9
da Silva Cameirão, 2011	1	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	1	5
da Silva Ribeiro, 2015	1	1	1	1	0	1	1	0	1	1	8
Duff, 2010	1	1	0	1	0	1	0	0	1	1	6
Gamito, 2015	1	1	0	0	0	0	1	1	1	1	6
Givon, 2015	1	1	0	1	0	1	1	1	1	1	8
Housman, 2009	1	1	1	1	0	1	1	0	1	1	8
In, 2012	1	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	1	5
Kihoon, 2012	1	1	0	1	0	0	1	0	1	1	6
Kim, 2011	1	1	0	1	0	0	1	1	1	1	7
Kim, 2012	1	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	1	5
Kiper, 2011	1	1	0	1	0	0	1	1	1	1	7
Kiper, 2014	1	1	0	1	0	0	1	1	1	1	7
Kong, 2016	1	1	1	1	0	1	1	1	1	1	9
Kottink, 2014	1	1	0	1	0	1	1	0	1	1	7
Kwon, 2012	1	1	0	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	9
Lee, 2013	1	1	0	0	0	0	1	1	1	1	6
Levin, 2012	1	1	0	1	0	1	1	0	1	1	7
Piron, 2009	1	1	1	0	0	1	1	1	1	1	8
Piron, 2010	1	1	1	0	0	1	1	1	1	1	8
Saposnik, 2016	1	1	0	1	0	1	1	1	1	1	8
Shin, 2014	1	1	0	1	0	1	1	0	1	1	7
Shin, 2015	1	1	0	1	0	1	1	0	1	1	7
Sin, 2013	1	1	0	1	0	1	1	0	1	1	7
Standen, 2017	1	1	1	1	0	0	1	0	1	1	7
Yavuzer, 2008	1	1	1	1	0	1	1	1	1	1	9
Yin 2014	1	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	1	1	6

Note: “1” indicates a study met the criteria, “0” indicates there was not enough information to make an assessment or the criterion was not met. C1 = Eligibility criteria were specified. C2 = Subjects were randomly allocated to groups (in a crossover study, subjects were randomly allocated an order in which treatments were received). C3 = Allocation was concealed. C4 = The groups were similar at baseline regarding the most important prognostic indicators. C5 = There was blinding of all subjects. C6 = There was blinding of all therapists who administered the study. C7 = There was blinding of all assessors who measured at least one key outcome. C8 = Measures of at least one key outcome were obtained from more than 85% of the subjects initially allocated to groups. C9 = All subjects for whom outcome measures were available received the treatment or control condition as allocated or, where this was not the case, data for at least one key outcome was analyzed by “intention to treat.” C10 = The results of between-group statistical comparisons are reported for at least one key outcome. C11 = The study provides both point measures and measures of variability for at least one key outcome

ISSN: 1743-0003