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Table 1 List of symbols

From: Effects of a powered ankle-foot orthosis on perturbed standing balance

Symbol

Meaning

F Cx

Sum of the horizontal ground reaction forces

F Cy

Sum of the vertical ground reaction forces

g

Gravitational acceleration

h A

Ankle height w.r.t. the ground

K

Proportional gain of the virtual-ankle stiffness controller

K D

Derivative gain of the body sway controller

K P

Proportional gain of the body sway controller

l com

Height of the center of mass in upright stance w.r.t. the ankle

M

Subject mass

p x

Center of pressure in anteroposterior direction w.r.t. the ankle

θ sway

Body sway angle

τ ach

Desired support torque

τ tot

Total torque applied to the ankle

ϕ A

Ankle joint angle