Randomized controlled trial of robot-assisted gait training with dorsiflexion assistance on chronic stroke patients wearing ankle-foot-orthosis

Table 2 Clinical assessment scores of lower-limb functionality at baseline (Pre) and the changes after the gait training (Post) with 3-month follow-up (follow-up). The significant changes between assessment time points, and the significant differences between groups (ANCOVA-adjusted to baseline Pre-assessment) are marked with asterisk

Outcome Measures^†	Sham Group	Robotic Group	Pre-Adjusted Group Difference
Outcome Measures^†	(n = 10)	(n = 9)	Pre-Adjusted Group Difference
FAC (max. 6)
Pre	4.5 (0.8)	4.8 (0.8)
Post – Pre	+ 0.1	+ 0.6 *	+ 0.50 *
Follow-up – Pre	+ 0.3	+ 0.7 **	+ 0.43
FMA (max. 34)
Pre	16.1 (5.2)	17.9 (4.6)
Post – Pre	+ 1.0	+ 2.4 *	+ 1.9 *
Follow-up – Pre	+ 1.3	+ 2.4	+ 1.9
MAS (max. 4)
Pre	1.7 (0.6)	1.4 (0.5)
Post – Pre	−0.1	− 0.2	− 0.22
Follow-up – Pre	− 0.2 *	− 0.2	− 0.08
BBS (max. 56)
Pre	47.6 (5.4)	51.4 (5.1)
Post – Pre	−0.2	+ 0.3	+ 0.04
Follow-up – Pre	−0.4	−0.8	− 0.28
Timed 10mWT (m/s)
Pre	0.52 (0.37)	0.72 (0.21)
Post – Pre	+ 0.01	+ 0.07 *	+ 0.05 *
Follow-up – Pre	+ 0.00	+ 0.10	+ 0.09
SMWT (m)
Pre	141.6 (91.2)	207.3 (59.7)
Post – Pre	+ 5.7	+ 16.9	+ 11.9
Follow-up – Pre	+ 22.2	+ 41.5	+ 7.0

NOTE: FAC Functional Ambulation Categories, FMA Fugl-Meyer assessment for Lower-Extremity, MAS Modified Ashworth Scale, BBS Berg Balance Scale, 10MWT 10-Meter Walk Test, SMWT Six-Minute Walk Test
* p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01
^†Pre-assessment values presented in mean (SD)

ISSN: 1743-0003