Table 6 Assessment of risk of bias of the studies using Cochrane Collaboration’s risk of bias tool
| Â | Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) | Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) | Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) | Selective reporting (reporting bias) | Other bias |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Abdollahi et al. [52] | Lowa | Highb | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
Bouchard et al. [61] | Low | High | Low | Low | Low | Low | Short training period |
Cesqui et al. [58] | High | High | Unclearc | High | High | High | Small sample size, baseline differences between groups |
Givon-Mayo et al. [63] | Low | High | High | High | High | Unclear | Very small sample size, baseline differences between groups |
Huang and Patton [59] | Low | High | High | High | Low | Low | Short training period |
Kahn et al. [55] | Low | High | High | Low | Unclear | High | Small sample size, short training period |
Majeed et al. [62] | Low | High | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
Patton et al. [53] | Low | High | High | Low | Low | Low | Short training period, small sample size |
Patton et al. [24] | High | High | High | High | Low | Low | Short training period |
Rozario et al. [60] | Low | High | High | Low | Low | Low | Small sample size |
Takahashi et al. [56] | Low | High | Low | High | High | Low | Small sample size |
Timmermans et al. [57] | Low | Low | High | Low | Low | Low | Low |
Tropea et al. [54] | Low | High | High | Low | Low | High | Small sample size |