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Table 3 Fixed effect of time on kinematic performance changes between 3 and 12 months, post-stroke

From: Recovery of kinematic arm function in well-performing people with subacute stroke: a longitudinal cohort study

Kinematic variable

Time β (SE)

Time Adjusted model β (SE)

Movement time (s)

0 (0.02)b

0 (0.02)b,c

Movement units (n)

0.06 (0.03)a

0.06 (0.03)b, c, a

Peak hand velocity (cm/s)

0 (0.15)

0 (0.15)c

Time to peak velocity (%)

0 (0)

 

Elbow peak angular velocity (°/s)

0.31 (0.27)

0.30 (0.28)c,d

Elbow angle, maximum extension (°)

0.11 (0.12)

0.13 (0.12)d

Arm abduction (°)

−0.32 (0.17)b

− 0.32 (0.17)b,e

Trunk displacement (mm)

−0.09 (0.30)b

 
  1. ap-value > 0.05
  2. bAdjusted for the random effect of time
  3. cAdjusted for the maximal/submaximal Fugl-Meyer Upper Extremity Motor score
  4. dAdjusted for body height
  5. eAdjusted for stroke location (left/right). Velocity variables are measured in the reaching phase. The elbow angle is the minimum elbow angle in reaching indicating maximum extension of the elbow joint. Arm abduction during is measured during the drinking phase