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Table 2 Comparison of mean robotic visually guided reaching performance between the stroke groups and healthy controls

From: Bilateral reaching deficits after unilateral perinatal ischemic stroke: a population-based case-control study

 

AIS

PVI

Controls

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Contralesional/non-dominant upper extremity

 PS (cm/s)

0.29 ± 0.2*

0.20 ± 0.09

0.21 ± 0.1

 RT (s)

0.49 ± 0.2*†

0.46 ± 0.1*†

0.43 ± 0.1ǂ

0.42 ± 0.1ǂ

0.37 ± 0.08

0.36 ± 0.09

 IDE (°)

10.24 ± 6.2*†

10.70 ± 8.6*†

8.60 ± 4.3ǂ

8.30 ± 4.1ǂ

4.16 ± 1.4

3.56 ± 1.4

 IDR

0.65 ± 0.2*

0.69 ± 0.1*†

0.69 ± 0.2ǂ

0.77 ± 0.1ǂ

0.84 ± 0.1

0.89 ± 0.08

 ISR

0.92 ± 0.07*

0.93 ± 0.08*†

0.94 ± 0.06ǂ

0.97 ± 0.04

0.98 ± 0.03

0.98 ± 0.03

 SMC

2.74 ± 0.7*

2.73 ± 0.9*†

2.49 ± 0.5ǂ

2.24 ± 0.4

2.15 ± 0.4

2.00 ± 0.4

 MMSD (cm/s)

2.03 ± 1.6*

2.21 ± 1.2*

2.11 ± 1.4ǂ

1.95 ± 1.5ǂ

0.79 ± 0.6

0.80 ± 0.7

 MT (s)

1.36 ± 0.3*†

1.33 ± 0.3*†

1.20 ± 0.3ǂ

1.15 ± 0.2ǂ

0.97 ± 0.2

0.95 ± 0.2

 PLR

1.59 ± 0.5*

1.60 ± 0.4*†

1.51 ± 0.3ǂ

1.45 ± 0.2ǂ

1.20 ± 0.1

1.22 ± 0.1

 MS (cm/s)

13.21 ± 1.9*†

14.00 ± 1.7*

16.08 ± 3.7

16.12 ± 3.9

16.80 ± 4.0

17.76 ± 4.3

Ipsilesional/dominant upper extremity

 PS (cm/s)

0.23 ± 0.2

0.22 ± 0.1

0.21 ± 0.1

 RT (s)

0.44 ± 0.1*

0.42 ± 0.1*

0.41 ± 0.1

0.40 ± 0.1

0.35 ± 0.08

0.35 ± 0.08

 IDE (°)

6.12 ± 3.3*†

5.67 ± 2.1*

5.01 ± 1.8

5.08 ± 2.2

4.52 ± 1.7

3.97 ± 2.0

 IDR

0.76 ± 0.1*

0.81 ± 0.1*

0.79 ± 0.1

0.85 ± 0.1

0.84 ± 0.1

0.88 ± 0.08

 ISR

0.95 ± 0.04*

0.96 ± 0.05*

0.96 ± 0.04ǂ

0.97 ± 0.04

0.98 ± 0.03

0.99 ± 0.02

 SMC

2.47 ± 0.6*

2.22 ± 0.5

2.21 ± 0.4

2.03 ± 0.4

2.20 ± 0.4

2.03 ± 0.4

 MMSD (cm/s)

0.84 ± 0.6

0.74 ± 0.7

0.89 ± 0.4

0.80 ± 0.9

1.03 ± 0.8

1.08 ± 0.9

 MT (s)

1.09 ± 0.2*

1.05 ± 0.2*†

1.00 ± 0.2

0.94 ± 0.2

0.94 ± 0.2

0.90 ± 0.2

 PLR

1.22 ± 0.1

1.25 ± 0.2

1.21 ± 0.1

1.22 ± 0.1

1.22 ± 0.1

1.23 ± 0.1

 MS (cm/s)

13.64 ± 2.6*

14.32 ± 2.1*†

15.91 ± 4.1

17.11 ± 4.6

16.94 ± 3.7

18.09 ± 3.8

  1. Scores are shown as mean ± standard deviation. Statistical significance (p < 0.05) is indicated for differences between AIS and controls (*), PVI and controls (ǂ), and between AIS and PVI groups (). Abbreviations: arterial ischemic stroke (AIS), periventricular venous infarction (PVI), posture speed (PS), reaction time (RT), initial direction error (IDE), initial distance ratio (IDR), initial speed ratio (ISR), speed maxima count (SMC), minimum-maximum speed difference (MMSD), movement time (MT), path length ratio (PLR), maximum speed (MS)