Fig. 3
From: Impact of antagonistic muscle co-contraction on in vivo knee contact forces
Changes in the internal forces introduced by constraining the model to match in vivo TF forces (COC), compared to minimizing the sum of muscle stresses squared (SMSS). a The changes in TFCF per patient. b The most relevant changes of forces by individual muscle groups (light grey), and the changes in co-contraction (CCI) of the knee flexors and extensors (dark grey), averaged for all patients (mean ± SD)