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Table 2 Gait Parameters

From: Overground walking patterns after chronic incomplete spinal cord injury show distinct response patterns to unloading

 

Parameter

Group

0% BW

10% BW

20% BW

30% BW

40% BW

50% BW

Group BWS effect

Simple BWS effect

Group x BWS

Spatio-temporal

Step Length [mm]

Control

435 (36)

438 (43)

443 (46)

456 (48)

444 (46)

462 (51)

F(5,85) = 7.477, p = 0.000

F(5,130) = 3.066, p = 0.012

F(5,130) = 3.116, p = 0.011

CiSCI

418 (85)

431 (76)

423 (69)

421 (73)

416 (79)

420 (81)

F(5,50) = 0.916, p = 0.478

Step Width [mm]

Control

63 (27)

59 (25)

57 (24)

60 (27)

66 (30)

70 (31)

F(5,85) = 3.053, p = 0.014

F(5,130) = 1.756, p = 0.126

F(5,130) = 2.435, p = 0.038

CiSCI

100 (28)

91 (25)

93 (31)

84 (25)

88 (28)

84 (31)

F(5,50) = 1.491, p = 0.209

Step Time [s]

Control

0.75 (0.06)

0.75 (0.07)

0.76 (0.08)

0.78 (0.09)

0.79 (0.09)

0.82 (0.10)

F(5,85) = 11.342, p = 0.000

F(5,130) = 6.514, p = 0.000

F(5,130) = 0.479, p = 0.778

CiSCI

0.68 (0.09)

0.71 (0.13)

0.69 (0.11)

0.74 (0.10)

0.78 (0.13)

0.79 (0.12)

F(5,50) = 1.453, p = 0.222

Double Support Phase [%]

Control

0.29 (0.02)

0.29 (0.02)

0.27 (0.03)

0.25 (0.03)

0.23 (0.03)

0.2 (0.05)

F(5,85) = 49.294, p = 0.000

F(5,130) = 36.528, p = 0.000

F(5,130) = 1.354, p = 0.245

CiSCI

0.33 (0.05)

0.33 (0.05)

0.3 (0.04)

0.3 (0.04)

0.28 (0.06)

0.26 (0.05)

F(5,50) = 6.805, p = 0.000

Speed [km/h]

Control

2 (0.07)

2 (0.1)

2 (0.1)

2 (0.1)

2 (0.1)

2 (0.1)

F(5,85) = 3.431, p = 0.007

F(5,130) = 11.110, p = 0.000

F(5,130) = 6.529, p = 0.000

CiSCI

2.1 (0.2)

2.1 (0.2)

2.1 (0.2)

2 (0.2)

1.9 (0.2)

1.9 (0.2)

F(5,50) = 5.867, p = 0.000

Posture

A-P Sway [°]

Control

23 (5)

22 (6)

19 (4)

18 (4)

16 (4)

17 (4)

F(5,85) = 16.366, p = 0.000

F(5,130) = 5.353, p = 0.000

F(5,130) = 2.877, p = 0.017

CiSCI

30 (14)

29 (14)

28 (12)

25 (8)

26 (8)

24 (9)

F(5,50) = 0.637, p = 0.673

CoM AP motion [mm]

Control

860 (70)

870 (83)

880 (88)

910 (95)

890 (90)

920 (98)

F(5,85) = 6.561, p = 0.000

F(5,130) = 1.786, p = 0.119

F(5,130) = 4.911, p = 0.000

CiSCI

820 (130)

840 (120)

830 (120)

840 (120)

820 (150)

820 (150)

F(5,50) = 1.471, p = 0.216

M-L Sway [°]

Control

20 (6)

20 (6)

22 (6)

23 (7)

24 (5)

24 (7)

F(5,85) = 4.768, p = 0.001

F(5,130) = 5.333, p = 0.000

F(5,130) = 1.066, p = 0.382

CiSCI

27 (11)

26 (11)

30 (12)

27 (9)

30 (11)

29 (12)

F(5,50) = 2.173, p = 0.072

CoM ML motion [mm]

Control

43 (9)

40 (10)

39 (10)

43 (15)

37 (9)

38 (13)

F(5,85) = 2.760, p = 0.023

F(5,130) = 7.016, p = 0.000

F(5,130) = 1.568, p = 0.173

CiSCI

57 (12)

52 (15)

49 (12)

49 (16)

44 (13)

41 (13)

F(5,50) = 4.601, p = 0.002

Single Joint

Hip ROM [°]

Control

32 (3)

33 (3)

32 (3)

32 (4)

30 (3)

30 (4)

F(5,85) = 6.397, p = 0.000

F(5,130) = 3.794, p = 0.003

F(5,130) = 0.684, p = 0.636

CiSCI

34 (6.6)

34 (6.8)

32 (6.4)

34 (7.6)

33 (7.4)

31 (7.2)

F(5,50) = 0.901, p = 0.488

Knee ROM [°]

Control

47 (5)

47 (5)

46 (4)

47 (5)

46 (5)

46 (5)

F(5,85) = 3.113, p = 0.013

F(5,130) = 8.920, p = 0.000

F(5,130) = 1.168, p = 0.328

CiSCI

50 (9)

50 (9)

49 (8)

48 (10)

47 (9)

45 (10)

F(5,50) = 5.355, p = 0.001

Ankle ROM [°]

Control

22 (4)

22 (4)

22 (4)

23 (4)

23 (7)

26 (7)

F(5,85) = 6.020, p = 0.000

F(5,130) = 3.774, p = 0.000

F(5,130) = 1.328, p = 0.256

CiSCI

20 (5)

21 (5)

20 (4)

24 (10)

24 (12)

24 (11)

F(5,50) = 0.853, p = 0.519

Intralimb

SSD Hip-Knee [A.U.]

Control

4.9 (1.9)

4.9 (1.4)

5.4 (1.9)

6.2 (1.7)

8.4 (3.1)

12 (3.5)

F(5,85) = 43.405, p = 0.000

F(5,130) = 20.440, p = 0.000

F(5,130) = 8.479, p = 0.000

CiSCI

8.3 (3.6)

8.7 (3.9)

7.8 (3.5)

8.7 (3.2)

9.4 (5.1)

9.8 (4.9)

F(5,50) = 1.255, p = 0.298

SSD Knee-Ankle [A.U.]

Control

4.5 (1.5)

4.6 (1.3)

5.4 (2)

6.5 (2.1)

8.9 (3.8)

12 (4.2)

F(5,85) = 31.107, p = 0.000

F(5,130) = 16.615, p = 0.000

F(5,130) = 7.203, p = 0.000

CiSCI

10 (4.9)

11 (4.9)

7.7 (2.7)

10 (4.5)

11 (5.2)

11 (4.9)

F(5,50) = 2.374, p = 0.052

ACC Hip-Knee [A.U.]

Control

0.97 (0.01)

0.97 (0.01)

0.97 (0.01)

0.97 (0.01)

0.96 (0.02)

0.95 (0.02)

F(5,85) = 8.685, p = 0.000

F(5,130) = 6.326, p = 0.000

F(5,130) = 0.292, p = 0.917

CiSCI

0.96 (0.03)

0.96 (0.03)

0.95 (0.03)

0.95 (0.04)

0.95 (0.03)

0.94 (0.03)

F(5,50) = 1.263, p = 0.295

ACC Knee-Ankle [A.U.]

Control

0.95 (0.01)

0.95 (0.02)

0.94 (0.02)

0.94 (0.02)

0.92 (0.03)

0.9 (0.04)

F(5,85) = 14.584, p = 0.000

F(5,130) = 18.104, p = 0.000

F(5,130) = 0.345, p = 0.885

CiSCI

0.93 (0.04)

0.93 (0.04)

0.91 (0.04)

0.91 (0.06)

0.88 (0.05)

0.87 (0.06)

F(5,50) = 5.742, p = 0.000

  1. Mean gait parameter values (mean(SD)) in control and CiSCI cohorts at different BWS levels. F-statistics for simple BWS effect and group x BWS interaction are reported from the 2-way ANCOVA with one repeated factor and age as a covariate. The group-split F-statistics are reported as group effects and in case a significant effect was identified, a-priori simple contrasts to group baseline (0% BW) with a Sidak correction are indicated through bold formatting (p < 0.05). For CiSCIs, when parameters are side-dependent, only the result of the more affected side is reported unless results diverged significantly between more and less affected side