Table 6 Technical Data for analysis phase in Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Author | Accelerometer data comparison | Differences between the two hands | Data cleaning | Threshold (cutoff frequency of filter applied on raw data) | Threshold to assess the intensity of arm movement |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[23] Floyd A. G. et al. (2007) | Side-to-side relationship of tremor amplitude, peak tremor frequencies and amplitude variability. | Action tremor amplitudes were relatively symmetric between the dominant and non-dominant hands, postural tremor was not symmetric bilaterally (3 of 8 patients were unilateral), amplitudes of bilateral cases correlated within subjects. | In the FTN trials only, frequencies below 2Â Hz were excluded | 2Â Hz | NA |
[22] Gordon A. M. et al. (2007) | Percentage of hand use (activity counts) | The percentage of use of involved extremity remain the same in controls, 70% of the task performance, while increased from 62.6 to 77.8% for the children who received HABIT (not correlate with the change in AHA scores). Use of the non-involved extremity remained the same across testing sessions in both groups. | NA | NA | NA |
[29] Strohrmann C. et al. (2013) | TIME, mean value of MI, MIV, DF, SM, ARE, RANG, ArmSync, gait parameters (all based on VM). | MIV is larger for the unaffected hand, the energy associated to the dominant frequency of the affected hand vs. unaffected hand was much lower, the SM parameter of the unaffected side vs. affected side was twofold. | Low-pass filtered | 45Â Hz | NA |
[20] Zoccolillo L. et al. (2015) | RMS of acceleration. | Hemiparetic side was moved less than healthy side. In VGT the paretic side was moved − 20 ± 13% less than the other side, while this difference was not significant in CT (− 10 ± 28%). | Low-pass filtered and after the mean substraction for removing the contribution of gravity acceleration. | 20 Hz | NA |
[18] Sokal B. et al. (2015) | Duration SV, duration ratio SV, intensity SV, intensity ratio SV. | Partecipants moved their more-affected arm for 55.7% and their less-affected arm for 64.9%, ratio 0.86. The intensity of more-affected arm was 41.3 counts/s and for less-affected arm was 60.5, ratio 0.71. | Segments when partecipants appeared to have removed the accelerometers were removed. | NA | Raw values for each 2Â s recording epoch were dichotomized around a low threshold (i.e., 2) with above-threshold values set to a positive costant and at- or below-threshold values set to zero. |
[26] Bergamini E. (2014) | Symmetry index, a peak of the acceleration magnitude and CV (all based on VM). | Symmetry index: - CG: ES2 (48.92%) and ES3 (47.86%), − EG: ES2 (47.77%) and ES3 (48.62%). These values indicate good symmetry. | Low-pass filtered | 12 Hz | NA |
[32] Kaneko M. et al. (2016) | Rotational speed, mirror movement, postural stability of rotating elbow, temporal change of rotational size in each index, bimanual symmetry, compliance. | All scores of ADHD children was lower than TD children. In bimanual symmetry the score of ADHD children increased with age and was significantly different to TD aged 8 and 10 years old. The variability of children’s score in compliance and temporal change of rotational size in ADHD vs. TD was larger. | Low-pass filtered | 6 Hz | NA |
[33] Le Moing A.G. et al. (2016) | Norm of the angular velocity, ratio of the vertical component of the acceleration, model-based computed power, elevation rate | Not find any side effect between the dominant and non-dominant hands. Patients performed better with their dominant side but this was not statistically significant, due to the small size of the population and the advanced stage of the disease. | NA | NA | NA |
[30] O’Neill M.E. et al. (2016) | Median (IQR) evaluated and compared between right and left side for each parameter and each device, ICC, CIs | Each accelerometer is stable in data collection on both sides, indicating that movement asymmetries may not influence PA measures. Because all 3 accelerometer models exhibited excellent inter-instrument reliability for measuring PA in a variety of real-world activities in TD, it may be appropriate also for CP to wear accelerometers on the right side. | NA | NA | NA |
[37] Coker-Bolt P. et al. (2017) | Active duration, mean activity count, use ratio and magnitude ratio (all based on VM, down-sampled to 1 Hz). | Significant increase in the duration and mean actvity count of affected upper limb use during each camp day and in three of five days in comparison to pre-test data, respectively. No significant changes in all scores pre- vs. post-CIMT. | NA | NA | Upper limb activity when the vector sum activity count > 0. |