Table 2 Comfortable walking speed (self-selected) at different ages for healthy males (M), females (F), and mixed populations (M & F)

Murray [182]

M

20 - 25

21.5

1.50

10m walkway

8

M

30 - 35

32.4

1.43

8

M

40 - 45

42.9

1.59

8

M

50 - 55

53.0

1.57

8

M

60 - 65

62.8

1.45

8

M

67 - 73

71.1

1.18

8

M

74 - 80

76.0

1.23

8

M

81 - 87

85.0

1.18

8

Hageman [183]

F

20 - 33

23.9

1.60

10m walkway

13

F

60 - 84

66.6

1.32

13

Waters [149]

F

20 - 59

40.1

1.29

60.5m walkway

34

F

60 - 80

68.9

1.20

47

M

20 - 59

38.5

1.36

39

M

60 - 80

67.1

1.28

26

M & F

20 - 59

39.2

1.33

73

M & F

60 - 80

68.2

1.23

73

Blanke [184]

M

20 - 33

24.5

1.31

14m walkway

12

M

60 - 74

63.6

1.39

12

Elble [80]

M & F

20 - 39

30.0

1.18

10m walkway

20

M & F

65 - 87

74.7

0.94

20

Öberg [185]

M

20 - 29

24.5*

1.23

10m walkway

15

M

30 - 39

34.5*

1.32

15

M

40 - 49

44.5*

1.33

15

M

50 - 59

54.5*

1.25

15

M

60 - 69

64.5*

1.28

15

M

70 - 79

74.5*

1.18

14

F

20 - 29

24.5*

1.24

15

F

30 - 39

34.5*

1.29

15

F

40 - 49

44.5*

1.25

15

F

50 - 59

54.5*

1.11

15

F

60 - 69

64.5*

1.16

15

F

70 - 79

74.5*

1.11

15

Ostrosky [186]

M & F

22 - 39

28.2

1.38

6m walkway

30

M & F

60 - 80

67.5

1.27

30

Bohannon [187]

M

50 - 79

64.4

1.41

7.6m walkway

77

F

50 - 79

64.3

1.30

79

Bohannon [63]

M

20 - 29

23.9

1.39

7.6m walkway

15

M

30 - 39

34.2

1.46

13

M

40 - 49

44.9

1.46

22

M

50 - 59

54.9

1.39

22

M

60 - 69

66.2

1.36

18

M

70 - 79

73.0

1.33

22

F

20 - 29

22.2

1.41

22

F

30 - 39

35.1

1.42

23

F

40 - 49

44.1

1.39

21

F

50 - 59

53.8

1.40

21

F

60 - 69

64.8

1.30

18

F

70 - 79

73.1

1.27

20

Auvinet [188]

M

20 - 29

24.5*

1.59

40m walkway

24

M

30 - 39

34.5*

1.54

26

M

40 - 49

44.5*

1.63

22

M

50 - 59

54.5*

1.42

25

M

60 - 69

64.5*

1.47

28

M

>70

74.5*

1.32

13

F

20 - 29

24.5*

1.54

25

F

30 - 39

34.5*

1.56

27

F

40 - 49

44.5*

1.50

29

F

50 - 59

54.5*

1.48

24

F

60 - 69

64.5*

1.35

25

F

>70

74.5*

1.26

14

Malatesta [189]

M & F

62 - 70

66.9

1.38

treadmill

10

M & F

79 - 87

82.8

1.16

10

Menz [190]

M & F

22 - 40

28.5

1.43

8.6m walkway

30

M & F

76 - 87

80.8

1.16

31

Laufer [191]

M & F

20 - 31

24.0

1.46

6.6m walkway

30

M & F

65 - 89

77.7

1.00

40

Kang [192]

M & F

18 - 28

23.3

1.30

treadmill

18

M & F

65 - 85

72.1

1.29

18

Mazza [193]

M & F

24.4

1.30

12m walkway

16

M & F

72.0

0.97

20

Kavanagh [194]

M & F

23.0

1.32

30m walkway

13

Mazza [195]

M

23.0

1.33

12m walkway

20

F

23.0

1.34

20

Chung [196]

M

<30

27.4

1.08

8m walkway

5

M

31 - 45

39.8

1.12

5

M

>45

51.0

0.99

5

F

<30

23.6

1.20

5

F

31 - 45

31.2

1.11

5

F

<30

57.6

0.90

5

Iosa [71]

M & F

31.0

1.21

10m walkway

13

Goutier [197]

M

22.0

1.30

12.5m walkway

10

M

71.0

1.30

10

F

24.0

1.30

10

F

71.0

1.20

10

Peterson [198]

M

20 - 30

24.7

1.28

12.5m walkway

6

M

65 - 80

72.7

1.31

8

F

20 - 30

26.4

1.38

6

F

65 - 80

69.9

1.32

8

Lamoth [199]

M & F

>70

79.4

0.95

40m walkway

13

Ijmker [200]

M & F

55 - 70

64.3

1.19

10m walkway

12

M & F

75 - 85

76.9

1.14

14

Iosa [167]

M & F

62.8

1.15

20m walkway

10

Senden [201]

M & F

74.2

1.23

40m walkway

50

Arnold [202]

M & F

23.2

1.34

10m walkway

20

M & F

73.2

1.14

20

Terrier [203]

M & F

20 - 29

24.7

1.10

treadmill

20

M & F

30 - 39

34.6

1.13

20

M & F

40 - 49

43.9

1.11

20

M & F

50 - 59

54.8

1.04

20

M & F

60 - 69

63.3

1.06

20