Demographic data and clinical characteristics | Mean ± SD, n (%) or median (IQR) (n = 64) |
---|---|
Age | 65.7 ± 13.4 |
Female | 26 (41%) |
Time since stroke median (in months) | 0.3 (0.9) |
Time since stroke: | |
 day 3/day 10, n | 29/16 |
 week3/week 4/week 6, n | 2/6/3 |
 month 3/month 6/month 12, n | 4/2/2 |
Ischemic stroke | 52 (81%) |
Haemorrhagic stroke | 12 (19%) |
NIHSS score at hospital admission, n = 61 | 4 (5) |
Right hand dominant | 61 (95%) |
Right hemiparesis | 27 (42%) |
Left hemiparesis | 37 (58%) |
Fugl-Meyer Assessment – Upper Extremity (0–66) | 55 ± 9, 57 (10) |
Action Research Arm Test (0–57) | 47 ± 9, 50 (10) |
Decreased sensation (≤ 11 points, FMA) | 17 (27%) |
Impaired passive joint motion (≤ 23 points, FMA) | 16 (25%) |
Pain during passive movements (≤ 23 points, FMA) | 15 (23%) |
Spasticity of elbow or wrist joint (≥1 point, MAS) | 5 (8%) |
Kinematic variables from the target-to-target task | |
 Movement time (s) | 2.31 ± 0.98 |
 Mean velocity (mm/s) | 146.6 ± 55.1 |
 Peak velocity (mm/s) | 374.1 ± 132.4 |
 Time to peak velocity (%) | 31.31 ± 9.0 |
 Number of velocity peaks | 4.23 ± 1.84 |