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Table 1 Topics in the three periods identified by using the topic modeling algorithm. Topics in bold are those removed from the analysis. “N” is the number of publications per topic

From: Tracking the evolution of virtual reality applications to rehabilitation as a field of study

Topic

Period 1: 1996 to 2005

(Total N = 418)

Period 2: 2006 to 2014

(Total N = 1454)

Period 3: 2015 to mid-2018

(Total N = 1269)

Topic Name

N

Topic Name

N

Topic Name

N

1

Muscle Stimulation & Gait

29

Robotics & External Devices

130

Orthopedics & Biomechanics

125

2

Civil Engineering

23

Gait

100

Gait and Balance

68

3

Surgery & Medicine

14

Motor Imagery

92

Orthopedics & Civil Engineering

68

4

Technology for Rehabilitation

27

Technology for Rehabilitation

105

Robotics for Upper Extremity Rehabilitation

115

5

Biomechanics

23

EMG, Neural Transmission and Simulation

86

EMG, Neural Transmission and Simulation

71

6

Rehabilitation Interventions

76

Vision and Driving Simulations

88

International Health Care

67

7

Wheelchair and Driving Simulations

20

Speech, Language and Hearing

117

Gaming

76

8

Assistive Technologies

37

General Gaming

76

Measurement for Assessment

56

9

Computer Based Simulation

23

Civil Engineering

85

Gaming

78

10

Simulation for Functional Assessment and Teaching

31

Upper Extremity Rehabilitation

120

Simulation for Health Care Education

90

11

Ergonomics and Simulation

21

Cognitive Rehabilitation Assessment and Intervention

89

Assessment and Intervention

74

12

EMG, Neural Transmission & Simulation

30

Orthopedic Biomechanics

72

Meta-Analyses

82

13

VR-based Rehabilitation

15

Gaming

114

Cognitive Rehabilitation

93

14

Orthopedics and Gait

25

Computerized Adaptive Testing

61

Motor Rehabilitation

119

15

Speech, Language & Hearing

24

Muscle Biomechanics

119

Motor Imagery

87