Table 3 Mean values of gait parameters for individuals post-stroke

Speed (m/s)

1.13 (0.22)

1.18 (0.34)

1.03* (0.26)

0.90** (0.31)

0.81** (0.28)

0.75** (0.37)

0.67** (0.14)

Stride length (m)

1.40** (0.11)

1.30 (0.26)

1.16** (0.20)

1.07** (0.25)

1.00** (0.28)

0.92** (0.37)

0.82** (0.18)

Stride time (s)

1.31** (0.34)

1.15 (0.19)

1.17 (0.19)

1.26** (0.28)

1.31** (0.27)

1.35** (0.30)

1.22 (0.11)

Step length (m)

0.68* (0.08)

0.64 (0.10)

0.58** (0.10)

0.55** (0.12)

0.49** (0.14)

0.46** (0.19)

0.41** (0.08)

Step time (s)

0.64** (0.18)

0.58 (0.11)

0.59 (0.10)

0.63** (0.14)

0.65** (0.12)

0.68** (0.15)

0.61 (0.06)

Step width (m)

0.15** (0.05)

0.13 (0.03)

0.17** (0.06)

0.18** (0.05)

0.21** (0.07)

0.18** (0.05)

0.17** (0.06)

Cadence (step/min)

97.66** (15.79)

107.41 (15.90)

105.02 (15.07)

99.22** (20.24)

94.34** (14.48)

92.23** (17.62)

98.96 (9.79)

Step asymmetry (m)

0.28** (0.24)

0.04 (0.04)

0.05* (0.04)

0.08* (0.08)

0.07* (0.05)

0.06 (0.05)

0.10 (0.05)

Swing time (s)

0.33 (0.13)

0.47 (0.09)

0.38* (0.08)

0.41 (0.07)

0.36 (0.11)

0.41 (0.06)

0.33** (0.13)

Double support time (s)

0.32 (0.07)

0.26 (0.19)

0.37* (0.20)

0.46** (0.21)

0.47** (0.17)

0.46 (0.23)

0.45 (0.15)

Trunk obliquity (°)

5.85 (2.47)

4.97 (1.74)

6.19* (2.51)

6.44 (3.72)

6.97 (3.64)

8.27** (3.61)

7.58** (2.54)

Trunk tilt (°)

8.04 (1.70)

7.95* (1.99)

8.32* (2.72)

9.15** (3.10)

7.96** (2.92)

9.99** (5.47)

9.49** (3.79)

Trunk rotation (°)

21.7** (4.45)

16.82 (4.29)

22.42* (9.23)

21.93* (6.95)

22.24 (8.81)

17.06 (5.56)

20.25 (3.04)

Pelvic obliquity (°)

9.27 (1.64)

6.88 (2.60)

9.55 (3.07)

9.52 (2.85)

9.16 (2.17)

7.85 (1.64)

9.22 (4.05)

Pelvic tilt (°)

19.86 (4.53)

13.84 (5.51)

23.29* (9.87)

20.74 (7.74)

23.74 (9.77)

20.20 (8.68)

21.56 (8.67)

Pelvic rotation (°)

15.45 (4.75)

15.20* (7.09)

14.68 (6.33)

16.01 (5.94)

15.66* (7.06)

12.12 (5.45)

13.63* (1.81)

Hip abduction-adduction (°)

11.74 (3.22)

10.58 (2.59)

13.33** (2.45)

13.00 (3.52)

12.05 (2.09)

12.02 (2.89)

14.20 (2.06)

Hip flexion-extension (°)

59.49 (9.03)

56.49 (6.80)

55.22 (7.82)

52.84 (7.22)

49.28* (9.49)

49.52* (8.18)

45.30 (9.86)

Hip height variation (cm)

0.20 (0.24)

0.37** (0.32)

0.07 (0.02)

0.18 (0.34)

0.06 (0.02)

0.07 (0.06)

0.05 (0.01)

Knee valgus-varus alignment (°)

22.17 (11.84)

19.41 (5.98)

21.79 (7.10)

19.36 (6.11)

18.61 (4.40)

19.95 (6.01)

22.97 (4.97)

Knee flexion-extension (°)

49.37 (7.36)

45.03 (16.58)

43.74** (8.14)

50.06 (12.75)

44.89 (8.83)

39.60 (15.53)

41.40 (8.89)

Knee height variation (cm)

0.19 (0.16)

0.09 (0.03)

0.15 (0.16)

0.10 (0.03)

0.13 (0.12)

0.18 (0.24)

0.12 (0.05)

Ankle height variation (cm)

0.23 (0.11)

0.33** (0.13)

0.19 (0.05)

0.23 (0.13)

0.17 (0.05)

0.17 (0.07)

0.14 (0.05)