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Table 4 Correlations between the alternating time and force applied for bimanual grip force coordination control, clinical motor, and functional outcome measurements (n = 22)

From: Bimanual coordination deficits in hands following stroke and their relationship with motor and functional performance

  FMA-UE BI WMFT MAS
Pearson Correlation Sig. (2-tailed) Pearson Correlation Sig. (2-tailed) Pearson Correlation Sig. (2-tailed) Pearson Correlation Sig. (2-tailed)
FMA_UE 1 – 0.554** 0.008 0.926** 0.000 0.924** 0.000
BI 0.554* 0.008 1 – 0.521* 0.013 0.503* 0.017
Wolf 0.926** 0.000 0.521* 0.013 1 – 0.902** 0.000
MAS 0.924** 0.000 0.503* 0.017 0.902** 0.000 1 –
10% MVC Condition 1 Alternating time (%) −0.567* 0.006 −0.358 0.102 −0.624* 0.002 −0.533* 0.011
Condition 2 Alternating time (%) 0.030 0.894 0.091 0.687 0.071 0.753 −0.041 0.857
Diff of Alternating time (%) 0.327 0.138 0.249 0.264 0.422 0.050 0.258 0.246
Condition 1 Force applied (%) −0.027 0.905 0.041 0.855 −0.057 0.802 0.012 0.959
Condition 2 Force applied (%) 0.013 0.954 −0.032 0.887 −0.001 0.998 −0.154 0.494
Diff of Force applied (%) −0.074 0.744 0.080 0.723 −0.123 0.587 −0.016 0.942
20% MVC Condition 1 Alternating time (%) −0.322 0.144 −0.528* 0.012 −0.276 0.214 −0.147 0.515
Condition 2 Alternating time (%) 0.360 0.099 0.306 0.165 0.311 0.159 0.345 0.116
Diff of Alternating time (%) 0.512* 0.015 0.467* 0.028 0.441* 0.040 0.470* 0.027
Condition 1 Force applied (%) 0.009 0.969 −0.016 0.945 −0.030 0.893 0.051 0.821
Condition 2 Force applied (%) −0.130 0.564 −0.206 0.357 −0.053 0.813 −0.205 0.359
Diff of Force applied (%) 0.038 0.866 −0.062 0.784 0.055 0.809 0.072 0.750
40% MVC Condition 1 Alternating time (%) −0.324 0.141 −0.180 0.422 −0.241 0.280 −0.212 0.343
Condition 2 Alternating time (%) 0.226 0.311 0.027 0.905 0.183 0.415 0.188 0.403
Diff of Alternating time (%) 0.017 0.941 −0.066 0.772 −0.034 0.880 0.059 0.795
Condition 1 Force applied (%) 0.031 0.892 0.111 0.622 −0.052 0.820 0.113 0.618
Condition 2 Force applied (%) −0.149 0.507 0.053 0.816 −0.119 0.598 −0.083 0.712
Diff of Force applied (%) 0.015 0.948 −0.032 0.887 −0.035 0.877 0.069 0.760
Condition 1 Total Alternating time (%) −0.533* 0.011 −0.450* 0.036 −0.497* 0.019 −0.393 0.070
Condition 2 Total Alternating time (%) 0.000 0.998 0.049 0.830 −0.055 0.808 0.061 0.788
Total Diff of Alternating time (%) 0.397 0.067 0.306 0.166 0.385 0.077 0.364 0.096
Condition 1 Total Force applied (%) 0.281 0.205 0.183 0.415 0.254 0.254 0.227 0.309
Condition 2 Total Force applied (%) −0.100 0.657 −0.090 0.690 −0.062 0.784 −0.185 0.410
Total Diff of Force applied (%) −0.005 0.984 −0.011 0.962 −0.030 0.894 0.052 0.817
  1. Abbreviations: FMA-UE upper-extremity portion of the Fugl-Meyer assessment, BI Barthel Index, WMFT Wolf Motor Function Test, MAS Motor Assessment Scale, MVC maximal voluntary contraction
  2. Note: Condition 1 was transfer from the paretic to the non-paretic hand in a stroke patient; Condition 2 was transfer from the non-paretic to the paretic hand in a stroke patient
  3. * Significant difference p < 0.05, ** p < 0.00
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