Movement smoothness during a functional mobility task in subjects with Parkinson’s disease and freezing of gait – an analysis using inertial measurement units

Pinto, Camila; Schuch, Clarissa Pedrini; Balbinot, Gustavo; Salazar, Ana Paula; Hennig, Ewald Max; Kleiner, Ana Francisca Rozin; Pagnussat, Aline Souza

doi:10.1186/s12984-019-0579-8

Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation

Table 3 Correlations between smoothness (SPARC) and questionnaires

From: Movement smoothness during a functional mobility task in subjects with Parkinson’s disease and freezing of gait – an analysis using inertial measurement units

Questionnaires	TUG phase	SPARC variable	r	r²	p
Speech (from UPDRS III)	Turn and stand to sit	SPARC Acc A total	− 0.5312	0.2822	0.0021
	Turn and stand to sit	SPARC Acc L ML	−0.4927	0.2428	0.0049
	Turn and stand to sit	SPARC Acc A AP	−0.4832	0.2335	0.0059
	Turn and stand to sit	SPARC Acc A V	−0.4782	0.2287	0.0065
	Turn and stand to sit	SPARC Acc L AP	−0.4718	0.2226	0.0074
	Turn and stand to sit	SPARC Acc A ML	−0.4616	0.2131	0.0089
	Turn and stand to sit	SPARC Acc L total	−0.4239	0.1797	0.0175
	Walk 1	SPARC Acc L ML	−0.4216	0.1777	0.0182
	Walk 1	SPARC Acc L V	−0.3872	0.1500	0.0314
	Walk 1	SPARC Acc L total	−0.3857	0.1488	0.0321
Tremor at Rest (from UPDRS III)	Walk 1	SPARC Acc A V	0.3990	0.1592	0.0262
	Walk 1	SPARC Acc A total	0.3873	0.1500	0.0314
	Walk 1	SPARC Acc L AP	0.3648	0.1331	0.0436
	Walk 1	SPARC Acc L total	0.3643	0.1327	0.0439
	Walk 2	SPARC Acc A total	0.3596	0.1293	0.0469
	Walk 1	SPARC Acc A AP	0.3563	0.1269	0.0491
Finger Taps (from UPDRS III)	Sit to stand	SPARC Acc A ML	−0.3598	0.1294	0.0468
Alternating Movements of Hands (from UPDRS III)	Sit to stand	SPARC Acc A AP	−0.4761	0.2267	0.0068
	Turn and stand to sit	SPARC Acc L ML	−0.4281	0.1833	0.0163
	Sit to stand	SPARC Acc A ML	−0.4273	0.1825	0.0165
	Turn and stand to sit	SPARC Acc A AP	−0.4133	0.1708	0.0208
	Sit to stand	SPARC Acc L V	−0.4124	0.1701	0.0211
	Turn and stand to sit	SPARC Acc A V	−0.4023	0.1618	0.0249
	Turn and stand to sit	SPARC Acc A total	−0.3982	0.1586	0.0265
	Turn and stand to sit	SPARC Acc A ML	−0.3887	0.1511	0.0307
	Sit to stand	SPARC Acc L ML	−0.3778	0.1427	0.0361
	Sit to stand	SPARC Acc L AP	−0.3707	0.1374	0.0401
	Walk 1	SPARC Acc L V	− 0.3671	0.1347	0.0422
	Turn and stand to sit	SPARC Acc L AP	−0.3565	0.1271	0.0490
Leg Agility (from UPDRS III)	Walk 1	SPARC Acc L V	−0.4387	0.1925	0.0136
	Sit to stand	SPARC Acc A ML	−0.4090	0.1672	0.0224
	Sit to stand	SPARC Acc L V	−0.3867	0.1495	0.0316
	Turn and stand to sit	SPARC Acc A ML	−0.3654	0.1335	0.0433
	Sit to stand	SPARC Acc L AP	−0.3566	0.1272	0.0489
Arising from Chair (from UPDRS III)	Turn and stand to sit	SPARC Acc A total	−0.6233	0.3885	0.0002
	Turn and stand to sit	SPARC Acc A AP	−0.6098	0.3718	0.0003
	Turn and stand to sit	SPARC Acc A ML	−0.6054	0.3666	0.0003
	Walk 1	SPARC Acc L total	−0.5838	0.3408	0.0006
	Walk 1	SPARC Acc L V	−0.5680	0.3227	0.0009
	Turn and stand to sit	SPARC Acc A V	−0.5570	0.3102	0.0011
	Walk 1	SPARC Acc L ML	−0.5385	0.2900	0.0018
	Turn and stand to sit	SPARC Acc L AP	−0.5107	0.2608	0.0033
	Turn and stand to sit	SPARC Acc L total	−0.5065	0.2565	0.0036
	Full TUG	SPARC Acc L V	−0.4878	0.2380	0.0054
	Walk 1	SPARC Acc A ML	−0.4577	0.2095	0.0096
	Turn and stand to sit	SPARC Acc L ML	−0.4542	0.2063	0.0103
	Walk 1	SPARC Acc A AP	−0.4487	0.2013	0.0113
	Turn and stand to sit	SPARC Acc L V	− 0.4471	0.1999	0.0117
	Walk 1	SPARC Acc L AP	−0.3663	0.1342	0.0427
	Walk 1	SPARC Acc A total	−0.3612	0.1305	0.0459
Posture (from UPDRS III)	Full TUG	SPARC Acc L ML	−0.4779	0.2284	0.0065
	Full TUG	SPARC Acc A ML	−0.3838	0.1473	0.0330
	Sit to stand	SPARC Acc L V	−0.3710	0.1376	0.0399
	Full TUG	SPARC Acc L V	−0.3652	0.1334	0.0434
Gait (from UPDRS III)	Full TUG	SPARC Acc A AP	−0.3617	0.1308	0.0456
Postural stability (from UPDRS III)	Turn	SPARC Acc L total	−0.6492	0.4215	0.0001
	Turn	SPARC Acc L V	−0.6424	0.4127	0.0001
	Turn	SPARC Acc L AP	−0.6270	0.3932	0.0002
	Turn	SPARC Acc A ML	−0.5975	0.3570	0.0004
	Turn	SPARC Acc L ML	−0.5498	0.3023	0.0014
	Full TUG	SPARC Acc L ML	− 0.5497	0.3022	0.0014
	Full TUG	SPARC Acc A V	−0.5353	0.2865	0.0019
	Sit to stand	SPARC Acc L AP	−0.5231	0.2736	0.0025
	Turn	SPARC Acc A total	−0.5186	0.2689	0.0028
	Full TUG	SPARC Acc L V	−0.4911	0.2412	0.0050
	Full TUG	SPARC Acc A total	−0.4865	0.2367	0.0055
	Full TUG	SPARC Acc A ML	−0.4832	0.2335	0.0059
	Turn	SPARC Acc A V	−0.4730	0.2237	0.0072
	Full TUG	SPARC Acc A AP	−0.4525	0.2047	0.0106
	Sit to stand	SPARC Acc A ML	−0.4486	0.2012	0.0114
	Turn	SPARC Acc A AP	−0.4343	0.1886	0.0146
	Sit to stand	SPARC Acc L V	−0.4306	0.1855	0.0156
	Full TUG	SPARC Acc L total	−0.4272	0.1825	0.0165
	Sit to stand	SPARC Acc A V	−0.4130	0.1706	0.0209
	Sit to stand	SPARC Acc A total	−0.3803	0.1446	0.0348
Body bradykinesia and hypokinesia (from UPDRS III)	Walk 1	SPARC Acc L V	−0.4633	0.2146	0.0087
	Walk 1	SPARC Acc L total	−0.4499	0.2024	0.0111
	Walk 1	SPARC Acc L ML	−0.4092	0.1674	0.0223
	Full TUG	SPARC Acc L V	−0.4020	0.1616	0.0250
	Walk 1	SPARC Acc A ML	−0.3877	0.1503	0.0312
	Walk 1	SPARC Acc L AP	−0.3804	0.1447	0.0348
	Full TUG	SPARC Acc A ML	−0.3746	0.1403	0.0379
	Turn and stand to sit	SPARC Acc A ML	−0.3701	0.1370	0.0404
Sum of Tremor (from UPDRS III)	Walk 1	SPARC Acc A V	0.3583	0.1284	0.0478
UPDRS III	Turn and stand to sit	SPARC Acc L ML	−0.3557	0.1265	0.0495
MMSE	Walk 1	SPARC Acc L ML	0.3951	0.1561	0.0278
	Sit to stand	SPARC Acc L ML	0.3802	0.1445	0.0349
	Turn and stand to sit	SPARC Acc L AP	0.3642	0.1326	0.0440
	Sit to stand	SPARC Acc A ML	0.3583	0.1284	0.0478
	Walk 1	SPARC Acc L V	0.3556	0.1265	0.0496
H&Y	Full TUG	SPARC Acc L V	−0.4786	0.2291	0.0065
	Full TUG	SPARC Acc A ML	−0.4623	0.2137	0.0088
	Full TUG	SPARC Acc A AP	−0.4527	0.2050	0.0105
	Full TUG	SPARC Acc A total	−0.3775	0.1425	0.0363
	Turn and stand to sit	SPARC Acc L total	−0.3687	0.1359	0.0413
	Turn	SPARC Acc A ML	−0.3680	0.1355	0.0416
	Turn and stand to sit	SPARC Acc A ML	−0.3616	0.1307	0.0457
	Full TUG	SPARC Acc A V	−0.3581	0.1282	0.0479
	Turn and stand to sit	SPARC Acc A total	−0.3580	0.1281	0.0480
FOG-Q	Turn and stand to sit	SPARC Acc A total	−0.5420	0.2938	0.0016
	Turn and stand to sit	SPARC Acc A ML	−0.5302	0.2811	0.0022
	Turn and stand to sit	SPARC Acc A AP	−0.5203	0.2707	0.0027
	Turn and stand to sit	SPARC Acc A V	−0.5110	0.2612	0.0033
	Turn and stand to sit	SPARC Acc L AP	−0.5096	0.2597	0.0034
	Turn and stand to sit	SPARC Acc L total	−0.4538	0.2059	0.0104
	Full TUG	SPARC Acc A ML	−0.4398	0.1934	0.0133
	Turn and stand to sit	SPARC Acc L ML	−0.4336	0.1880	0.0148
	Walk 1	SPARC Acc L V	−0.4197	0.1761	0.0188
	Full TUG	SPARC Acc L V	−0.4188	0.1754	0.0190
	Walk 1	SPARC Acc L ML	−0.4079	0.1664	0.0227
	Walk 1	SPARC Acc L total	−0.4009	0.1607	0.0254
	Walk 2	SPARC Acc L V	−0.3752	0.1408	0.0375
	Walk 1	SPARC Acc A ML	−0.3735	0.1395	0.0385

Abbreviations. Acc L linear acceleration, Acc A angular acceleration, V vertical, ML mediolateral, AP anteroposterior, PD Parkinson Disease, MMSE Mini Mental State Examination, H& Hoehn & Yahr scale, UPDRS III motor part of the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale, FOG-Q Freezing of Gait Questionnaire, TUG Timed up and Go test
Note. Pearson’s correlations (p < 0.05)

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ISSN: 1743-0003

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