Variable (°) | ABI (n = 42) | HC (n = 36) | ANCOVA OUTCOMES | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean ± SD | Range | Mean ± SD | Range | F | p value | Partial Eta Squared | |
Shoulder Flexion Mean | 0.21 ± 10.58 | −34.7 to 26.9 | 4.3 ± 3.3 | − 3.5 to 11.7 | 6.98 | < 0.01 | 0.09 |
Shoulder Flexion SD | 4.4 ± 2.4 | 0.7 to 10.2 | 8.1 ± 2.9 | 3.1 to 18.6 | 24.46 | < 0.01 | 0.25 |
Shoulder Flexion Peak | 7.4 ± 11.1 | − 29.2 to 29.9 | 16.7 ± 6.3 | 3.0 to 33.3 | 18.39 | < 0.01 | 0.20 |
Shoulder Extension Peaka | −7.3 ± 11.2 | −39.3 to 23.2 | −7.7 ± 4.2 | −21.4 to − 1.2 | 0.48 | 0.49 | 0.01 |
Shoulder Flexion ROM | 14.7 ± 7.1 | 3.3 to 30.4 | 24.5 ± 8.5 | 10.8 to 54.6 | 18.18 | < 0.01 | 0.20 |
Shoulder Abduction Mean | 16.9 ± 7.7 | 3.7 to 36.2 | 6.4 ± 3.1 | 0.6 to 12.8 | 38.34 | < 0.01 | 0.35 |
Shoulder Abduction SD | 2.6 ± 1.3 | 0.4 to 6.2 | 1.8 ± 0.6 | 0.8 to 3.2 | 12.08 | < 0.01 | 0.14 |
Shoulder Abduction Peak | 21.3 ± 7.9 | 7.0 to 37.9 | 9.4 ± 3.3 | 2.5 to 16.5 | 48.49 | < 0.01 | 0.40 |
Shoulder Adduction Peaka | 12.9 ± 8.1 | −1.27 to 34.7 | 3.7 ± 3.2 | −2.7 to 10.4 | 23.26 | < 0.01 | 0.24 |
Shoulder Abduction ROM | 8.5 ± 4.0 | 1.6 to 20.6 | 5.8 ± 1.8 | 3.1 to 9.6 | 15.91 | < 0.01 | 0.18 |
Shoulder Rotation Mean | 16.7 ± 20.6 | −24.4 to 62.3 | 10.3 ± 12.1 | −10.9 to 34.4 | 0.40 | 0.53 | 0.01 |
Shoulder Rotation SD | 4.0 ± 1.9 | 1.4 to 9.6 | 4.5 ± 2.2 | 2.0 to- 12.0 | 0.01 | 0.92 | 0.00 |
Shoulder Internal Rotation Peak | 24.4 ± 20.5 | −19.4 to 68.3 | 16.8 ± 12.0 | −2.6 to 40.3 | 1.18 | 0.28 | 0.02 |
Shoulder External Rotation Peaka | 9.5 ± 21.1 | −37.1 to 57.5 | 1.9 ± 13.7 | −23.3 to 27.9 | 0.39 | 0.54 | 0.01 |
Shoulder Rotation ROM | 14.9 ± 6.7 | 5.7 to 30.2 | 14.9 ± 6.4 | 6.7 to 36.5 | 1.19 | 0.28 | 0.02 |
Elbow Flexion Mean | 50.7 ± 24.1 | 14.3 to 109.9 | 11.9 ± 6.0 | −0.6 to 26.1 | 63.52 | < 0.01 | 0.47 |
Elbow Flexion SD | 3.4 ± 1.5 | 0.9 to 8.8 | 9.6 ± 3.4 | 3.1 to 17.0 | 80.04 | < 0.01 | 0.53 |
Elbow Flexion Peak | 56.6 ± 23.3 | 20.8 to 115.9 | 27.4 ± 7.9 | 12.2 to 43.7 | 36.14 | < 0.01 | 0.33 |
Elbow Extension Peaka | 44.5 ± 24.8 | 8.9 to 103.4 | −0.6 ± 7.9 | −14.3 to 17.7 | 79.80 | < 0.01 | 0.53 |
Elbow Flexion ROM | 12.0 ± 5.0 | 4.1 to 26.8 | 28.1 ± 9.1 | 10.3 to 46.1 | 66.23 | < 0.01 | 0.48 |
Forearm Rotation Meanb | 16.6 ± 27.8 | −62.8 to 67.9 | 17.4 ± 13.7 | −6.1 to 52.9 | 0.18 | 0.67 | 0.00 |
Forearm Rotation SDb | −84.7 ± 3.4 | −89.0 to −71.4 | −86.3 ± 1.3 | − 88.2 to −83.3 | 12.89 | < 0.01 | 0.15 |
Forearm Pronation Peakb | 27.0 ± 29.0 | −51.5 to 82.7 | 24.2 ± 14.9 | −2.2 to 63.5 | 1.58 | 0.21 | 0.02 |
Forearm Supination Peaka,b | 6.3 ± 27.5 | −73.6 to 54.6 | 11.3 ± 13.1 | −10.8 to 43.3 | 0.32 | 0.57 | 0.00 |
Forearm Rotation ROM b | 20.7 ± 13.0 | 4.3 to 69.7 | 12.9 ± 3.9 | 6.8 to 21.2 | 19.34 | < 0.01 | 0.21 |
Wrist Flexion Mean | −5.8 ± 12.5 | −41.5 to 33.4 | −5.6 ± 6.4 | −20.6 to 9.1 | 0.04 | 0.84 | 0.00 |
Wrist Flexion SD | 2.4 ± 1.6 | 0.5 to 7.0 | 2.5 ± 1.0 | 1.0 to 4.7 | 1.43 | 0.24 | 0.02 |
Wrist Flexion Peak | −0.9 ± 13.3 | −37.0 to 34.8 | −1.0 ± 7.0 | − 13.7 to 19.3 | 0.40 | 0.53 | 0.01 |
Wrist Extension Peaka | −10.2 ± 12.6 | −44.5 to 32.36 | −9.6 ± 6.6 | −26.7 to 4.0 | 0.13 | 0.72 | 0.00 |
Wrist Flexion ROM | 9.3 ± 6.3 | 1.9 to 25.6 | 8.5 ± 3.2 | 3.8 to 16.1 | 5.39 | < 0.05 | 0.07 |