Fig. 3

Step length Adaptation and After-Effects. a Time courses of step lengths when stepping with either the non-paretic leg (top panel, fast leg during Adaptation) or the paretic leg (bottom panel, slow leg during Adaptation) during three epochs: Baseline, Adaptation, and Post-Adaptation. Note that each subject’s baseline bias has been removed, resulting in average step length values of zero during Baseline. The negative values in the non-paretic step lengths indicate that on average subjects are taking shorter steps with the non-paretic leg relative to baseline walking, whereas the opposite is observed with the paretic one. Each data point represents the average of 5 consecutive steps and shaded regions indicate the standard error for each group. For display purposes only, we include averaged values during Post-Adaptation that were computed with a minimum of 10 subjects and the late adaptation behavior is aligned to the end of each subject’s adaptation epoch. b The effect of slope on each leg’s change during Adaptation (ΔAdapt) and Post-Adaptation (ΔPost) is illustrated. Note that both the paretic and non-paretic leg adapted similarly. While the non-paretic leg has recalibrated (ΔPost≠0) following both the flat and incline session, the paretic leg is only recalibrated following incline Adaptation