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Table 5 Kinematic parameters pre- and post-intervention (group analyses – N = 10)

From: Can kinematic parameters of 3D reach-to-target movements be used as a proxy for clinical outcome measures in chronic stroke rehabilitation? An exploratory study

Construct

Kinematic parameter

Pre-intervention

Post-intervention

Cohen’s d

Median [Q1; Q3]

Mean ± SD

Median [Q1; Q3]

Mean ± SD

Efficiency

MT (s)

2.37 [1.95; 2.86]

2.41 ± 0.58

2.17 [1.94 ;2.51]

2.28 ± 0.69

0.24

Accuracy

CurvI

1.43 [1.34; 1.64]

1.67 ± 0.69

1.54 [1.36; 1.73]

1.88 ± 1.14

0.30

Speed

Vmax(cm/s)

50.19 [44.53; 61.63]

55.72 ± 17.08

54.07 [45.95; 73.32]

58.44 ± 16.18

0.16

Planning

T%Vmax(%)

41.98 [26.98; 50.95]

39.11 ± 12.21

48.85 [42.88; 52.56]

47.67 ± 6.13

0.70

Smoothness

NVP

15.41 [13.07; 23.73]

17.11 ± 5.27

13.45 [10.71; 21.63]

15.55 ± 5.66

0.29

LDJ

−18.89 [−19.66; -18.25]

−18.96 ± 0.80

−18.14 [−19.21; -17.97]

− 18.60 ± 1.38

0.46

Joint Range of Motion

ShFE (deg)

19.67 [14.91; 22.40]

18.86 ± 4.67

20.29 [12.09; 24.71]

18.61 ± 7.32

0.05

ShAA (deg)

25.58 [20.39; 28.39]

25.14 ± 4.82

27.12 [18.36; 29.53]

25.90 ± 8.37

0.16

ElFE (deg)

39.64 [16.61; 60.80]

38.89 ± 22.73

39.24 [17.99; 46.60]

36.84 ± 19.49

0.09

Trunk Movement

Th (deg)

5.46 [3.22; 9.85]

6.61 ± 4.07

5.40 [3.09; 9.92]

6.97 ± 5.09

0.09

TExc (cm)

11.02 [6.77; 16.19]

12.83 ± 7.91

9.53 [6.32; 17.32]

12.56 ± 8.68

0.03

  1. Cohen’s d effect size: d > 0.30 (small), d > 0.50 (medium) and d > 0.80 (large). No bootstrapped tests were significant (p < 0.05) after Holm-adjustment.