Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of the participants with Parkinson’s disease

Number of participants (n)

11

37

6

Age (years)

68.0 ± 11.8

68.7 ± 10.2

74.5 ± 8.9

Sex (n, %)

 Women

2 (18.2%)

18 (48.6%)

4 (66.7%)

 Men

9 (81.8%)

19 (51.4%)

2 (33.3%)

Height (cm)

170.2 ± 9.4

164.2 ± 6.2

162.2 ± 8.3

Weight (kg)

79.3 ± 15.4

72.1 ± 14.9

75.0 ± 11.7

Education level (years)

9.0 ± 5.7

9.0 ± 4.3

5.5 ± 3.2

Disease duration (years)

3.8 ± 2.1

6.7 ± 4.0

8.9 ± 5.6

Phenotype (n, %)

 Tremor dominant

6 (54.5%)

18 (48.6%)

3 (50.0%)

 Akinetic/rigid

2 (18.2%)

6 (16.2%)

2 (33.3%)

 Mixed

3 (27.3%)

13 (35.1%)

1 (16.7%)

Positive ioflupane I123 injection test (n)

5 out of 5 (100%)

12 out of 15 (80%)

2 out of 2 (100%)

Movement disorders*

 Tremor type

  Postural

5 (45.5%)

9 (24.3%)

1 (16.7%)

  Rest

2 (18.2%)

6 (16.2%)

2 (33.3%)

  Both

3 (27.3%)

19 (51.4%)

2 (33.3%)

 Freezing

0

9 (24.3%)

1 (16.7%)

 Festination

2 (18.2%)

8 (21.6%)

2 (33.3%)

 Dyskinesia

0

6 (16.2%)

0

 Fallers

1 (9.1%)

8 (21.6%)

2 (33.3%)

Schwab & England Activities of Daily Living Scale (100%) (n)

11 (100%)

24 (64.9%)

4 (66.7%)

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder (n)

4 (36.4%)

21 (56.8%)

1 (16.7%)

Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale

 I. Mentation, Behavior And mood

1.4 ± 1.4

2.5 ± 2.3

1.8 ± 1.8

 II. Activities of daily living

2.2 ± 1.4^2.3

7.4 ± 4.2

7.3 ± 3.1

 III. Motor examination

8.4 ± 4.0^2.3

18.7 ± 7.5

16.8 ± 4.6

 III. Motor examination (lower body)

2.2 ± 1.5¹

3.9 ± 1.9

4.6 ± 1.5

Mini Mental State Examination

27.18 ± 2.5

27.18 ± 2.5

24.50 ± 2.4

modified Minnesota Impulsive Disorders Interview

0.0 ± 0.0

2.05 ± 4.7

1.00 ± 2.4

39-item Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire (%)

3.68 ± 2.9

14.07 ± 15.3

17.43 ± 14.3

Non-Motor Symptoms Scale

13.36 ± 12.6^a

34.86 ± 24.1

27.50 ± 15.4

Tinetti Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment

 Total

27.73 ± 0.5^d

26.68 ± 1.6^b

24.83 ± 2.4

 Balance subscale

15.73 ± 0.5^d

15.35 ± 0.9^b

14.17 ± 1.3

 Gait subscale

12.00 ± 0.0^b

11.32 ± 0.9

10.67 ± 1.2

Functional Gait Assessment

27.91 ± 2.5^d

25.68 ± 3.0^d

20.83 ± 4.9

10-m Walking Test (s)

4.50 ± 0.7^d

5.52 ± 1.2

6.68 ± 2.0

Levodopa currently treated (n, %)

3 (27.3%)

33 (89.2%)

6 (100%)