Table 2 Performance of the participants in the instrumented tests of postural control and gait
Postural control | Healthy subjects | Individuals with Parkinson’s Disease | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All | H&Y I-I.5 | H&Y II | H&Y II.5 | |||||||
Modified clinical test of sensory interaction on balance | ||||||||||
Speed (cm/s) | 0.54 ± 0.1 | 0.59 ± 0.1a‡ | 0.50 ± 0.1 | 0.60 ± 0.1a | 0.66 ± 0.1a*b‡ | |||||
Limits of stability | ||||||||||
Maximum displacement (cm) | 8.65 ± 1.34 | 8.37 ± 1.6 | 9.47 ± 1.5a‡ | 8.24 ± 1.4b‡ | 7.14 ± 2.3b | |||||
Reaction time (s) | 1.09 ± 0.5 | 1.17 ± 0.5 | 1.25 ± 0.4 | 1.05 ± 0.5 | 1.75 ± 0.6a*c* | |||||
Gait | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Single task | Dual task | Single task | Dual task | Single task | Dual task | Single task | Dual task | Single task | Dual task | |
Gait speed (m/s) | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 1.0 ± 0.2 | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 0.9 ± 0.2 | 1.2 ± 0.1 | 1.1 ± 0.2a | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 0.9 ± 0.2b | 0.9 ± 0.3a‡b*c | 0.8 ± 0.3a*b* |
Cadence (steps/min) | 114.8 ± 11.1 | 103.9 ± 16.4 | 112.4 ± 13.1 | 101.1 ± 14.9 | 121.4 ± 12.2a‡ | 108.4 ± 12.2 | 112.0 ± 10.7b‡ | 101.3 ± 14.8 | 98.8 ± 17.4a*b*c | 88.1 ± 13.0ab |
Stride length (m) | 1.2 ± 0.1 | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 1.2 ± 0.1 | 1.2 ± 0.2 | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 1.1 ± 0.2a | 1.0 ± 0.2a‡b‡ |
Stride time (s) | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 1.2 ± 0.2 | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 1.2 ± 0.2 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 1.2 ± 0.2 | 1.2 ± 0.2a‡b*c | 1.4 ± 0.2a*bc‡ |
Stride width (m) | 0.1 ± 0.0 | 0.1 ± 0.0 | 0.1 ± 0.0 | 0.1 ± 0.0 | 0.1 ± 0.0 | 0.1 ± 0.0 | 0.1 ± 0.0 | 0.1 ± 0.0 | 0.1 ± 0.0 | 0.1 ± 0.0 |
Double support time (s) | 0.3 ± 0.1 | 0.3 ± 0.1 | 0.3 ± 0.1a‡ | 0.4 ± 0.2 | 0.2 ± 0.1a‡ | 0.3 ± 0.1 | 0.3 ± 0.1a‡ | 0.4 ± 0.1 | 0.4 ± 0.2b | 0.5 ± 0.2a |