Table 9 Reported outcomes for articles in the category phobia and PTSD

[34]

Evaluation was performed at 1 and 3 min after the beginning of the baseline and spyder VR scenes. Evaluation methods included: subjective units discomfort (SUDS), heart rate (HR) and skin conductance level (SCL)

No significant differences were reported between the VR-sham and VR-TMS groups

Neutral

[35]

Evaluation was performed before and after VR challenge. Evaluation methods included fNIRS measurement, during which the participants completed an emotional-word stroop paradigm, also behavior performance (reaction times/error rates) was evaluated

It was not possible confirm a modulatory effect of TMS on either cortical activation, behavioural performance or perceived emotional content of the stimuli

Neutral

[36]

Evaluation was performed at baseline, after each session, and after one month of the intervention. Evaluation methods included psychophysiological arousal (skin conductance reactivity [SCR]) during each VR session, and self-reported PTSD symptoms

Both groups VR-sham and VR-tDCS presented a significant decrease in physiological responding across sessions, this decrease was significantly greater in the VR-tDCS group. Also both groups demonstrated clinically meaningful reduction in PTSD symptoms, but the VR-tDCS group continued improving during the 1-month follow-up

Positive