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Table 3 Outcome measure scores (median and IQR) at baseline (T1) and 3-week follow-up (T2)

From: Effects of virtual reality training on occupational performance and self-efficacy of patients with stroke: a randomized controlled trial

Outcome

VR group (n = 25)

Control group (n = 27)

Comparison

Between group (Pb)

T1

T2

Pa

T1

T2

Pa

T1

T2

MBI

84 (66.5–95)

95 (88.5–100)

 < 0.000*,

Z = – 3.922

65 (52–86)

85 (59–100)

 < 0.000*,

Z = – 4.202

0.081,

Z = − 1.742

0.030*,

Z = − 2.171

FMU

53 (40–59.5)

62 49–64.5)

 < 0.000*,

Z = – 4.296

45 (23–59)

58 (31–64)

 < 0.000,

Z = – 4.546

0.244

Z = − 1.164

0.295

Z = − 1.047

FTHUE

5 (3–7)

7 (4–7)

0.001*,

Z = – 3.375

4 (3–6)

6 (4–7)

 < 0.000*,

Z = – 4.167

0.237

Z = − 1.182

0.191

Z = − 1.307

COPM

Performance

5 (3–6)

7.3 (5–8.5)

0.002*,

Z = – 3.173

4 (2.25–5.75)

7 (5–8.4)

 < 0.000*,

Z = – 3.836

0.414

Z = − 0.816

0.607

Z = − 0.514

Satisfaction

5 (3–6.5)

7.3 (5–8.7)

0.001*,

Z = – 3.232

4.5 (2.67–7.5)

7 (5.5–9.2)

0.001*,

Z = – 3.271

0.985

Z = − 0.018

0.920

Z = − 0.101

SSEQ

Total

117 (96.5–125.5)

125 (109.5 –130)

0.006*,

Z = – 2.744

108 (91–122)

117 (102–125)

0.031*,

Z = – 2.155

0.305

Z = − 1.026

0.043*

Z = − 2.027

Daily activities

72 (55.5–77.5)

78 (66.5–80)

0.006*,

Z = – 2.767

68 (51–74)

72 (60–76)

0.096,

Z = – 1.665

0.192

Z = − 1.304

0.017*

Z = − 2.392

Self-management

45 (38.5–47)

49 (40.5–50)

0.073,

Z = – 1.792

43 (38–48)

46 (40–50)

0.009*,

Z = – 2.598

0.659

Z = − 0.441

0.571

Z = − 0.566

  1. All values are Median (IQR, interquartile range). n number of patients;
  2. VR virtual reality, MBI modified Barthel Index, FMU Fugl-Meyer assessment-upper extremity, FTHUE functional test for the hemiplegic upper extremity, COPM canadian occupational performance measure, SSEQ stroke self-efficacy questionnaire
  3. aThe Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare within-group differences
  4. bThe Mann Whitney U-test was used to compare between-group differences
  5. *P ≤ .05