Fig. 2

On the left: Hip, knee and ankle joint orientation in the sagittal plane as a function of gait cycle in one representative participant. Note the similarities in the hip profile, whereas the knee and ankle joint presented differences which are further depicted in the bar graphs on the right. On the right: Mean values (± 1SD) for the sagittal orientation of hip, knee and ankle at specific times of the gait cycle. Values for the hip are peak hip flexion in early stance (HF1; [between 0 and 30% of gait cycle]), peak hip extension (HE; [40–70%]) and peak hip flexion during swing (HF2; [70–100%]). For the knee, maximal knee flexion during the stance phase [KF1; 0–40%] and the swing phase [KF2; 60–100%] are illustrated. For the ankle, values are peak dorsiflexion at heel strike (DF1; [0%]), peak dorsiflexion during mid stance (DF2; [20–60%]) and peak plantarflexion during late stance (PF; [60–80%]). Statistically significant main effects are indicated, as applicable