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Table 2 Temporal distance factors while walking overground vs. on the treadmill with and without VR

From: Characterization of speed adaptation while walking on an omnidirectional treadmill

Outcome measure

Overground

Treadmill

Treadmill + VR

Speed (m/s)

1.24 ± 0.14

1.37 ± 0.22

1.30 ± 0.23

Cadence (steps/min)

63.16 ± 3.86

98.49 ± 12.02***

95.04 ± 13.74***

Step length (m)

0.62 ± 0.06

0.43 ± 0.07***

0.42 ± 0.06***

Stance time (%)

51.56 ± 6.38

65.72 ± 2.42***

66.00 ± 2.47***

Swing time (%)

49.78 ± 8.02

34.67 ± 2.54***

34.48 ± 2.75***

  1. *** Level of significance p < 0.001