Fig. 10

Schematic representation of proposed neuromodulation of a cathodal tDCS over PMAs and b anodal tDCS over M1 related to posture and movement planning and preparation in individuals with stroke. In a, we hypothesized that cathodal tDCS over PMAs would down-regulate the hyperexcitability in this region and consequently restore the excessive inhibitory input (red dashed arrow) from PMAs to the PMRF via cortico-reticulospinal tract. In b, based on our findings, it is possible that application of anodal tDCS over M1 facilitates the subcortical PMRF via the cortico-reticular drive (green arrow) or direct excitations caused by the applied current