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Table 2 ASCS at baseline (T0), after treatment (T1) and follow-up (T2) and the p-values for the within-group analysis of the change over time for the complete case analysis

From: Adaptive conjunctive cognitive training (ACCT) in virtual reality for chronic stroke patients: a randomized controlled pilot trial

ASCS

EG (n = 16)

CG (n = 14)

Mean (SD) – Median [2.5th – 97.5th percentile]

p

Mean (SD) – Median [2.5th – 97.5th percentile]

p

T0

T1

T2

\( {\chi}_F^2(2) \)

T0

T1

T2

\( {\chi}_F^2(2) \)

Attention

-0.35 (0.88) –

-0.28 [-2.11 – 1.22]

-0.13 (0.94) –

-0.17 [-1.67 – 1.33]

0.06 (0.92) –

0.17 [-1.44 – 1.67]**

.01

-0.16 (0.83) –

0.11 [-1.78 – 0.89]

0.02 (0.80) –

0.28 [-1.78 – 1.00]

0.03 (0.92) –

0.22 [-1.67 – 1.67]

.25

Memory

-0.76 (0.69) –

-0.57 [-2.27 – 0.05]

-0.54 (0.91) –

-0.31 [-2.17 – 0.76]

-0.43 (0.91) –

-0.30 [-2.19 – 0.89]

.30

-0.72 (0.82) –

-0.54 [-2.38 – 0.40]

-0.52 (0.73) –

-0.44 [-1.78 – 0.56]*

-0.37 (0.83) –

-0.52 [-1.37 – 1.52]

.42

EF

-0.34 (1.01) –

-0.34 [-1.64 – 1.32]

-0.29 (1.18) –

-0.38 [-2.09 – 2.02]

-0.15 (1.19) –

0.15 [-1.97 – 1.68]

.43

-0.45 (1.38) –

-0.27 [-2.67 – 1.79]

-0.28 (1.33) –

-0.02 [-2.60 – 2.02]

-0.28 (1.40) –

-0.21 [-2.60 – 1.91]

.47

SA

-2.88 (6.57) –

-0.39 [-25.17 – 0.50]

-0.67 (3.95) –

0.50 [-15.43 – 0.50]*

0.33 (0.36) –

0.50 [-0.39 – 0.50]*

.00

-0.58 (1.44) –

0.05 [-3.93 – 0.50]

-0.20 (1.44) –

0.50 [-4.81 – 50]

-0.52 (1.90) –

0.50 [-6.68 – 0.50]

.53

GCF

-0.56 (0.79) –

-0.44 [-1.92 – 0.39]

-0.20 (0.80) –

-0.10 [-1.64 – 0.91]**

-0.12 (0.83) –

0.25 [-1.56 – 0.99]**

.00

-0.38 (0.90) –

0.00 [-2.00 – 0.69]

-0.17 (0.81) –

0.10 [-1.93 – 0.75]

-0.16 (0.94) –

0.06 [-1.98 – 1.59]

.93

  1. The change over time within each group was evaluated using Friedman’s ANOVA test statistic \( {\chi}_F^2 \) (degrees of freedom). The table shows the p-values (p) with values below .05 highlighted in bold. For the post hoc analysis the Wilcoxon’s sign rank test T was used, and significant comparisons with respect to baseline are indicated with * for p-values < .05 and ** for p-values < .01. ASCS average standardized composite score, CG control group, GCF generalized cognitive functioning, EF executive functioning, EG experimental group, SA spatial awareness