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Table 4 Depression subgroup analysis. HAM-D and ASCS at baseline (T0), after treatment (T1) and follow-up (T2) and the p-values for the within-group analysis of the change over time

From: Adaptive conjunctive cognitive training (ACCT) in virtual reality for chronic stroke patients: a randomized controlled pilot trial

Measures

EGD (n = 11)

CGD (n = 10)

Mean (SD) – Median [2.5th – 97.5th percentile]

p

Mean (SD) – Median [2.5th – 97.5th percentile]

p

T0

T1

T2

\( {\chi}_F^2(2) \)

T0

T1

T2

\( {\chi}_F^2(2) \)

HAM-D

6.64 (5.46) – 5.00 [0.00 – 15.00]

5.45 (4.89) – 3.00 [0.00 – 13.00]

4.18 (3.34) – 3.00 [0.00 – 12.00]

.22

5.20 (4.78) – 4.00 [0.00 – 13.00]

7.8 (5.98) –7.50 [0.00 – 19.00]*

6.30 (6.20) – 4.00 [0.00 – 18.00]

.06

Attention

-0.27 (0.95) – -0.22 [-2.11 – 1.22]

-0.10 (0.96) – -0.11 [-1.67 – 0.76]*

0.20 (0.89) – 0.11 [-1.33 – 1.67]*

.00

0.01 (0.72) – 0.22 [-1.78 – 0.78]

0.03 (0.78) – 0.28 [-1.78 – 0.89]

0.10 (0.76) – 0.22 [-1.67 – 1.11]

.57

Memory

-0.65 (0.57) – -0.44 [-1.72 – 0.05]

-0.35 (0.85) – -0.09 [-1.97 – 0.76]

-0.18 (0.89) – 0.14 [-1.72 – 0.89]

.27

-0.61 (0.62) –-0.54 [-1.78 – 0.78]

-0.46 (0.62) –-0.29 [-1.78 – 0.48]

-0.36 (0.52) – -0.39 [-1.03 – 0.46]

.72

EF

-0.26 (0.88) – -0.32 [-1.64 – 1.13]

-0.34 (1.08) – -0.53 [-2.09 – 1.13]

-0.04 (0.98) – 0.09 [-1.57 – 1.57]

.11

-0.09 (0.67) – -0.11 [-1.13 – 1.13]

-0.14 (0.78) – 0.02 [-2.09 – 0.76]

-0.11 (0.81) – 0.00 [-1.90 – 1.02]

.61

SA

-1.60 (3.34) – -0.39 [-9.24 – 0.50]

-1.03 (4.78) – 0.50 [-15.43 – 0.50]

0.17 (0.45) – 0.50 [-0.39 – 0.50]

.16

-0.21 (1.43) – 0.50 [-3.93 – 0.50]

-0.21 (1.66) – 0.50 [-4.81 – 0.50]

0.05 (0.75) – 0.50 [-1.27 – 0.50]

.95

GCF

-0.41 (0.73) – -0.30 [-1.80 – 0.39]

-0.11 (0.77) – 0.12 [-1.64 – 0.88]**

0.01 (0.73) – 0.24 [-1.16 – 0.99]**

.01

-0.11 (0.61) – 0.06 [-1.63 – 0.53]

-0.07 (0.70) – 0.11 [-1.93 – 0.49]

0.00 (0.53) – 0.09 [-1.15 – 0.64]

.58

  1. The change over time within each group was evaluated using Friedman’s ANOVA test statistic \( {\chi}_F^2 \) (degrees of freedom). The table shows the p-values (p) with values below .05 highlighted in bold. For the post hoc analysis the Wilcoxon’s sign rank test T was used, and significant comparisons with respect to baseline are indicated with * for p < .05 and ** for p < .01. ASCS average standardized composite score, CGD control group, EF executive functioning, EGD experimental group, GCF generalized cognitive functioning, HAM-D Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, SA spatial awareness