Fig. 2

Bilateral 3D intersegmental coordination diagrams. The diagrams illustrate intersegmental surface area for the dominant/non-paretic and non-dominant/paretic thigh, leg, and foot segments in 3D space across an average gait cycle for a representative a control (CG), b higher function (HF) and c lower function (LF) chronic stroke participant in pre-force, force, and post-force leash epochs and the cane condition. The dots and squares on the top and bottom of trajectories indicate the points of heel strike and toe lift, respectively. d, e Average hip, knee, and ankle joint elevation angles of the representative HF individual for both d non-paretic and e paretic legs during leash epochs and cane conditions. Knee and ankle angle increases can be seen in the stance to swing transition (vertical line) for force, post-force, and cane epochs as well as slight increases in general ROM. Positive values indicate flexion/dorsiflexion and negative values indicate extension/plantarflexion, relative to neutral position