Table 2 Results of linear regression models with symmetry index of gait quality measures (dependent variables) and the total number of muscle modules (independent variables)
Gait Features | SI Parameters [%] | \(\beta\)[95% CI] | F-value | p-value | \({R}^{2}\) (%) | \(Aadjusted {R}^{2 (\mathrm{\%})}\) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Functional | Speed | 0.583 [0.117, 1.048] | 7.19 |  < 0.05 | 33.9 | 29.2 |
Spatiotemporal characteristics | Step length | − 0.237 [− 0.794, 0.320] | 0.84 | 0.38 | 5.6 | 0.0 |
Step time | − 0.038 [− 0.611, 0.535] | 0.02 | 0.89 | 0.2 | 0.0 | |
Limb kinematics | Leg extension angle | − 0.217 [− 0.776, 0.343] | 0.69 | 0.42 | 4.7 | 0.0 |
Limb length | − 0.565 [− 1.038, − 0.092] | 6.56 |  < 0.05 | 31.9 | 27.0 | |
Footpath area | − 0.572 [− 1.042, − 0.102] | 6.81 |  < 0.05 | 32.7 | 27.9 | |
Joint kinematics (sagittal plane) | Hip flex/ex | − 0.424 [− 0.943, 0.010] | 3.06 | 0.10 | 18.0 | 12.1 |
Knee flex/ex | − 0.564 [− 1.037, − 0.090] | 6.53 |  < 0.05 | 31.8 | 26.9 | |
Ankle dorsi/plantar | − 0.318 [− 0.861, 0.226] | 1.57 | 0.23 | 10.1 | 3.7 | |
Joint kinematics (other planes) | Hip abd/add | − 0.503 [− 0.998, − 0.007] | 4.74 |  < 0.05 | 25.3 | 20.0 |
Hip int/ext ro | 0.120 [− 0.449, 0.689] | 0.20 | 0.66 | 1.4 | 0.0 |