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Table 1 Inclusion and exclusion criteria defined in the PICOS framework

From: Getting into a “Flow” state: a systematic review of flow experience in neurological diseases

 

Description

Inclusion/Exclusion criteria

Population

Patients with neurological disease such as stroke, TBI, MS and/or PD

The study sample or a substantial number of subjects (minimal 50%) are represented in the study population. The patients had to be adult. Studies with children and/or adolescents were excluded

Intervention

Instrumented measurements to assess flow experience in a rehabilitation setting

Studies that measured flow using a questionnaire were included. Other ways of measuring flow, such as the Experience-Sample Method or interviews were not included

Comparison

No control group or comparison is required

Comparison to a clinical test, a control group or the effect of intervention related to flow experience will be reported

Outcome

Outcome measured flow experience

The studies had to assess the construct Flow with reference to Flow-theory by Csikzentmihalyi. Studies that measured intrinsic motivation or any other construct of motivation or positive psychology were excluded

Study design

Peer-reviewed studies are included

No restrictions on the type of studies, including case studies, case–control studies, cohort studies, randomized control studies and non/randomized control studies

Articles published in languages other than English were excluded