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Table 2 Functional tests results (FMA-UE, JTT, and FNT) with significance values

From: Transcranial electrostimulation with special waveforms enhances upper-limb motor function in patients with chronic stroke: a pilot randomized controlled trial

 

Sham NIBS (N = 12)

Real NIBS (N = 12)

p value

 

Mean ± SD

Median

Mean ± SD

Median

 

FMA-UE

 Baseline

45.17 ± 17.18

51

37.50 ± 20.54

39

 

 Post-treatment

52.17 ± 15.03***

60

48.33 ± 16.55***

51

 

 Δpre-post

7.00 ± 7.35

3.5

11.33 ± 10.52

9

0.104

JTT (total time, sec)

 Baseline

179.54 ± 90.79

135.76

209.71 ± 100.27

195.67

 

 Post-treatment

174.43 ± 94.07

115.64

177.94 ± 97.64**

133.49

 

 Δpre-post

5.11 ± 13.26

4.06

31.76 ± 49.78

18.52

0.016

Finger to nose

 Baseline

29.25 ± 15.86

32.75

20.46 ± 16.55

23.00

 

 Post-treatment

32.04 ± 17.41

35.25

33.75 ± 13.73*

34.75

 

 Δpre-post

2.79 ± 5.17

0

13.29 ± 18.60

7

0.037

  1. Sham NIBS sham transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) + intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) with conventional rehabilitation, Real NIBS tDCS + iTBS with conventional rehabilitation, SD standard deviation, M/F male/female, FMA-UE Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremity, JTT Jebsen-Taylor test,FNT Finger-to-Nose test, p value = independent sample t-test for difference between mean changes from baseline of the sham NIBS group versus the real NIBS group. *p < 0.05 or **p < 0.01 or ***p < 0.001 paired t-test of within-group differences of baseline—post-treatment