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Table 2 Test-retest reliability results for all task metrics on the affected side

From: Reliable and valid robot-assisted assessments of hand proprioceptive, motor and sensorimotor impairments after stroke

Category

Metric

Mean±SD T1

Mean±SD T2

Mean±SD T2-T1

ICC(A,k)

SRD

SRD(%)

Shift

Correlation

Sensory

AE [deg]

14.63 ± 6.43

13.71 ± 6.24

2.68 ± 2.94

0.90 (0.88–0.91)

9.12

14.65

-3.63

0.74***

Motor

Vel. Flex. [deg/s]

314.94 ± 180.30

315.16 ± 162.50

0.22 ± 107.56

0.89 (0.84-0.93)

159.54

17.83

-0.003

0.84***

Vel. Ext. [deg/s]

149.06 ± 146.27

149.80 ± 144.74

0.74 ± 43.80

0.98 (0.97-0.98)

60.68

11.62

-0.15

0.97***

AROM [deg]

43.89 ± 36.20

42.11 ± 32.29

-1.78 ± 11.16

0.97 (0.96–0.98)

15.58

12.77

1.47

0.92***

PROM [deg]

83.88 ± 10.48

85.41 ± 7.95

1.53 ± 5.89

0.89 (0.83–0.93)

8.83

16.57

-3.02

0.83***

Force Flex. [N]

11.64 ± 11.55

10.72 ± 10.08

-0.91 ± 3.44

0.97 (0.96–0.98)

4.88

10.92

2.07

0.94***

Force Ext. [N]

4.12 ± 4.52

3.55 ± 3.67

-0.57 ± 1.93

0.94 (0.91–0.96)

2.80

16.72

3.80

0.93***

Sensorimotor

RMSE Slow [deg]

21.09 ± 8.68

21.03 ± 9.40

-0.06 ± 6.12

0.87 (0.81–0.92)

9.19

25.72

-0.17

0.81***

RMSE Fast [deg]

21.45 ± 7.80

22.06 ± 9.06

0.60 ± 5.87

0.86 (0.79–0.91)

8.82

24.75

1.95

0.82***

  1. AE: Position Matching Absolute Error, Vel. Flex./Ext.: Maximum Velocity Flexion/Extension, AROM/PROM: Active/Passive Range of Motion, Force Flex./Ext.: Maximum Force Flexion/Extension, RMSE Slow/Fast: Tracking Error RMSE Slow/Fast, T1: Test, T2: Retest, ICC: Intraclass Correlation Coefficient, SRD: Smallest Real Difference, SRD%: Smallest Real Difference as a percentage of the range of values across all trials, Shift: Systematic Shift, Correlation: Spearman Correlation between Test and Retest. The defined thresholds for reliability were: ICC>0.70, SRD%<30%, Shift\(<\mid\)6.35\(\mid\) (where negative shift means improvement on retest and positive means worse performance on retest). Statistical significance was defined as: p-value<0.05: *, p-value<0.01: **, p-value<0.001: ***