Fig. 3

Cycling exercise stimulation conditions completed by each participant. Colors represent the electrical contact(s) delivering stimulating current through each pedal stroke for a single leg and fills represent stimulation level. (1) S-Max is the conventional pattern which activates multiple MUPs each pedal stroke at supramaximal intensities. (2) S-Low activates multiple MUPs each pedal stroke at optimal PWs found through moment summation tests to reduce overlap among activated fibers. (3) C-Max activates one MUP per pedal stroke at supramaximal intensities, rotating active MUP each revolution to reduce duty cycle. (4) C-Low combines low duty cycle and low overlap approaches by rotating activation of a single MUP each pedal stroke and stimulating at optimized PW levels. Note that P01 completed two variations of the C-Max stimulation condition involving different numbers of independent MUPs