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Table 4 Statistical results for single directions

From: Efficacy of wrist robot-aided orthopedic rehabilitation: a randomized controlled trial

 

RF

RD

E

UF

F

P

S

UE

RE

UD

Statistic

p-values

Statistic

p-values

Statistic

p-values

Statistic

p-values

Statistic

p-values

Statistic

p-values

Statistic

p-values

Statistic

p-values

Statistic

p-values

Statistic

p-values

Passive ROM

 Wilcoxon Matched Pairs tests (experimental vs control)

  Tb

59

0.974

57

0.948

63

0.927

37

0.353

45

0.851

51

0.809

29

0.131

37

0.353

50

0.601

31

0.099

  Te

26

0.049

34

0.169

24

0.021

15

0.024

35

0.280

32

0.042

34

0.152

11

0.004*

31

0.111

18

0.004*

 Mann–Whitney U (Tb vs Te)

  Experimental

0

0.004*

0

0.008

0

0.004*

3

0.020

2

0.023

11

0.105

6

0.055

5

0.020

1

0.016

13

0.160

  Control

14

0.102

12

0.034

29

0.273

9

0.469

11

0.203

32

0.966

9

0.129

1

0.063

17

0.092

16

0.275

Active ROM

 Wilcoxon Matched Pairs tests (experimental vs control)

  Tb

56

0.605

54

0.973

43

0.905

43

0.186

58

0.693

45

0.512

37

0.353

55

0.563

64

0.976

50

0.376

  Te

20

0.009

34

0.110

48

0.512

40

0.699

65

1

40

0.503

36

0.384

18

0.030

11

0.002*

21

0.005*

 Mann–Whitney U (Tb vs Te)

  Experimental

4

0.027

8

0.098

4

0.055

9

0.469

4

0.014

2

0.012

4

0.055

3

0.078

2

0.023

0

0.002*

  Control

22

0.11

31

0.898

3

0.010

8

0.006

4

0.002*

10

0.084

13

0.160

18

0.057

22

0.110

12

0.017

Isometric Force

 Wilcoxon Matched Pairs tests (experimental vs control)

  Tb

39

0.114

34

0.057

39

0.115

41

0.262

42

0.166

64

0.976

56

0.605

39

0.209

35

0.067

52

0.695

  Te

27

0.018

23

0.017

45

0.232

56

0.605

45

0.393

51

0.410

48

0.313

34

0.057

59

0.738

34

0.057

 Mann–Whitney U (Tb vs Te)

  Experimental

3

0.010

3

0.020

8

0.049

0

0.004*

7

0.074

7

0.037

13

0.160

3

0.020

12

0.131

6

0.055

  Control

14

0.027

12

0.017

5

0.002*

8

0.006

6

0.003*

30

0.305

20

0.080

13

0.021

3

0.001*

26

0.191

Matching Error

 Wilcoxon Matched Pairs tests (experimental vs control)

  Tb

41

0.148

43

0.324

38

0.277

29

0.026

40

0.235

62

0.879

58

0.693

56

0.605

43

0.324

57

0.648

  Te

59

0.738

40

0.345

49

0.343

48

0.456

46

0.557

51

0.809

37

0.247

40

0.131

55

0.563

60

0.784

 Mann–Whitney U (Tb vs Te)

  Experimental

22

0.625

16

0.496

28

0.57

12

0.131

15

0.426

32

0.301

19

0.432

21

0.91

27

0.652

23

0.695

  Control

71

0.080

49

0.470

46

0.622

66

0.168

38

0.635

41

0.910

48

0.893

55

0.054

59

0.376

44

0.946

  1. Results of Mann–Whitney U Tests to detect the presence of group differences (“Experimental vs Control”) and of Wilcoxon Matched Pairs Tests to inspect changes inside each group (“Tb vs Te”). Cells present p-values related to each specific direction of movement, tested in each exercise. p-values in bold are significant at p < 0.05. Asterisks (*) show which results are still significant after Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons (p-values significant at p < 0.005)