EMG parameters | Pre | Post | Change (\(+/-\)) | Paired-sample t test | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (95% Confidence interval) (%) | P-value | Cohen's d | |||
Normalized EMG activation level | |||||
 APB | 10.8 (7.61 to 14.1) | 6.25 (3.60 to 8.91) | − 4.59 (− 6.95 to − 2.23) | 0.001*** | − 0.83 |
 ECU-ED | 9.84 (7.45 to 12.2) | 7.44 (5.20 to 9.68) | − 2.40 (− 5.78 to 0.98) | 0.17 | − 0.30 |
 FCR-FD | 6.52 (4.73 to 8.32) | 3.21 (2.26 to 4.16) | − 3.31 (− 4.72 to − 1.90) |  < 0.001*** | − 1.00 |
 BIC | 7.71 (5.92 to 9.49) | 6.12 (4.89 to 7.36) | − 1.58 (− 3.45 to 0.28) | 0.11 | − 0.36 |
 TRI | 7.05 (3.89 to 10.20) | 5.77 (3.32 to 8.23) | − 1.27 (− 4.81 to 2.26) | 0.48 | − 0.15 |
Normalized CI | |||||
 APB/ ECU-ED | 7.19 (4.65 to 9.72) | 4.94 (2.56 to 7.32) | − 2.25 (− 5.49 to − 0.99) | 0.18 | − 0.30 |
 APB/ FCR-FD | 5.98 (4.10 to 7.86) | 2.58 (1.64 to 3.51) | − 3.41 (− 5.25 to − 1.57) | 0.001*** | − 0.79 |
 APB/BIC | 5.82 (4.24 to 7.40) | 2.91 (2.17 to 3.64) | − 2.91 (− 4.65 to − 1.18) | 0.003** | − 0.72 |
 APB/ TRI | 6.04 (3.16 to 8.91) | 4.56 (2.26 to 6.85) | − 1.48 (− 4.59 to 1.63) | 0.35 | − 0.20 |
 ECU-ED/FCR-FD | 5.34 (3.83 to 6.86) | 2.69 (1.89 to 3.48) | − 2.65 (− 4.14 to − 1.17) | 0.002** | − 0.76 |
 ECU-ED/BIC | 4.97 (4.14 to 5.81) | 3.60 (2.81 to 4.40) | − 1.37 (− 2.48 to − 0.26) | 0.022* | − 0.53 |
 ECU-ED/TRI | 4.18 (3.09 to 5.26) | 3.88 (2.39 to 5.37) | − 0.30 (− 1.73 to 1.14) | 0.684 | − 0.09 |
 FCR-FD/BIC | 4.37 (3.15 to 5.59) | 2.42 (1.75 to 3.08) | − 1.95 (− 3.04 to − 0.87) | 0.002** | − 0.77 |
 FCR-FD/ TRI | 3.80 (2.59 to 5.01) | 2.17 (1.42 to 2.92) | − 1.62 (− 2.67 to − 0.58) | 0.005** | − 0.67 |
 BIC/TRI | 6.64 (4.80 to 8.49) | 4.59 (3.54 to 5.63) | − 2.06 (− 3.92 to − 0.19) | 0.039* | − 0.47 |