Survey of transfemoral amputee experience and priorities for the user-centered design of powered robotic transfemoral prostheses

Table 6 Autonomy in ADL—stratified by amputation etiology

“Overall, to what extent do you feel independent in performing the following activities?”
Activity	NMPK_Tr (n = 26)	MPK_Tr (n = 61)	p^c	f^c	NMPK_NT (n = 17)	MPK_NT (n = 6)	p^c	f^c
Activity	Median^a (IQR)		p^c	f^c	Median^a (IQR)		p^c	f^c
Stair ascending	3 (3)	4 (4)	0.4769	0.547	1 (1.25)	2.5 (3)	0.1293	0.691
Stair descending	3 (3)	5 (1)	0.0006	0.723	1 (1.25)	5 (1)	0.0007	0.941
Ramp walking	4 (2)	5 (1)	0.0007	0.719	2 (2)	5 (1)	0.0030	0.912
Sit-to-stand/Stand-to-sit	4 (2)	5 (0)	0.0022	0.674	3 (2)	5 (0)	0.0081	0.870
Bathing	5 (1)	5 (0)	0.0171	0.610	3.5 (3)	5 (0)	0.0431	0.776
Dressing	5 (1)	5 (0)	0.0719	0.579	4 (2)	5 (0)	0.0273	0.794
Housework	4 (2)	5 (1)	0.0192	0.637	3 (3)	5 (2)	0.0734	0.750
Driving a car	5 (0)	5 (0)	0.4775	0.531	1 (2)	5 (0)	0.0242	0.800
Work/study schedule adherence	5 (0.5)	5 (0)	0.8230	0.512	3 (4)	4.5 (1)	0.1108	0.731
Management of free time	5 (2)	5 (0.5)	0.0299	0.621	3 (1.75)	4 (2)	0.2113	0.678
Attending public places	5 (1)	5 (0)	0.0362	0.610	3 (3)	5 (0)	0.0112	0.857
Aggregate^b	5 (1)	5 (0)	0.0156	0.628	3 (2)	5 (1)	0.0047	0.892

^aValues reported on Likert scale from 1 (fully dependent, not autonomous) to 5 (fully autonomous); Reported separately for traumatic (Tr) and non-traumatic (NT) amputees with and without microprocessor-controlled knees (MPKs), respectively
^bAggregate autonomy computed as the median (IQR) of each subject’s median autonomy across all constituent ADL
^cAll statistical comparisons conducted using Mann–Whitney U test, reported with common language effect size (f). Significant differences highlighted in bold

ISSN: 1743-0003