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Table 2 Onset/offset bias averaged over the simulated/real test set, for each muscle activity detector

From: Long short-term memory (LSTM) recurrent neural network for muscle activity detection

 

Onset bias (ms)

Offset bias (ms)

 

TKEO

Stat detector

LSTM-MAD

TKEO

Stat detector

LSTM-MAD

Simulated test set

24.3 ± 1.2

56.2 ± 2.2

4.0 ± 0.8

− 22.4 ± 1.2

− 65.1 ± 2.2

0.03 ± 0.7

Real test set

− 4.5 ± 16.1

35.6 ± 9.8

4.1 ± 2.2

19.2 ± 5.1

− 33.7 ± 12.1

− 5.8 ± 2.3

  1. Values of parameters are reported as mean ± standard error over the simulated (and real) test set
  2. TKEO Teager–Kaiser Energy Operator, Stat detector statistical double threshold detector, LSTM-MAD long short-term memory muscle activity detector