From: Resting motor threshold in the course of hand motor recovery after stroke: a systematic review
Patients characteristics | Study design | Healthy controls (number) | References | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number/sex/age (years) | Time since stroke | Stroke etiology and location | Cross-sectional | Longitudinal | Observational | Interventional | Interventions/groups | Evaluations schedule (days) | ||||
BL | 1.FU | 2.FU | ||||||||||
19/Na/69 ± 10 | Acute phase | 19 i/10sc, 9c/6r, 13 l | ✘ | ✘ | 0 | Nascimbeni et al. [60] | ||||||
8 m, 8f/58 ± 18 | < 1 day | 19 i/19c/8r, 8 l | ✘ | ✘ | Na | 0 | 365 | 20 | Delvaux et al. [61] | |||
7 m, 3f/37–80 | 1–5 days | 19i/6sc, 4c/5r, 5 l | ✘ | ✘ | Na | 0 | Freundlieb et al. [62] | |||||
12 m, 9f/72 ± 3 | 1–5 days | 16i, 5 h/6sc, 13c, 1na/7r, 14 l | ✘ | ✘ | Na | 0 | Trompetto et al. [37] | |||||
7 m, 5f/70 ± 10 | 5 ± 3 days | 12i/3sc, 9c/3r, 9 l | ✘ | ✘ | Na | 0 | 12 | Di Lazzaro et al. [63] | ||||
8 m, 17f/53 ± 10 | 5 ± 3 days | 25i/18sc, 8c/11r, 14 l | ✘ | ✘ | Na | 0 | Du et al. [27] | |||||
14 m, 6f/65 ± 11 | 5 ± 3 days | 20i/sc,c/na | ✘ | ✘ | (1) Anodal tDCS | 0 | 5 | 33 | Sattler et al. [30] | |||
(2) Sham tDCS | ||||||||||||
48 m, 12f/55 ± 11 | 5 ± 4 days | 60i/46sc, 14c/28r, 33 l | ✘ | ✘ | Na | 0 | Du et al. [64] | |||||
15 m, 16f/64 ± 14 | 6 (1–18) days | 31i/14sc, 17c/12r, 19 l | ✘ | ✘ | Na | 0 | 29 | Huynh et al. [28] | ||||
17 m, 9f/67 ± 13 | 7 ± 4 days | 26i/21sc, 5c/22r, 4 l | ✘ | ✘ | Na | 0 | Volz et al. [65] | |||||
39 m, 44f/43–66 | 8 ± 2 days | 83i/na/na | ✘ | ✘ | (1) CIMT | 0 | 14 | El Helow et al. [66] | ||||
(2) CT | ||||||||||||
10 m, 6f/69 ± 7 | 10 days | 16i/na/10r, 6 l | ✘ | ✘ | (1) 1 Hz rTMS | 0 | 45 | 90 | Blesneag et al. [67] | |||
(2) Sham rTMS | ||||||||||||
6/na/18–80 | 10 ± 3 days | 6i/4sc, 2c/4r, 2 l | ✘ | ✘ | Na | 0 | 90 | 180 | Birchenall et al. [68] | |||
6 m, 4f/58 ± 16 | 10 ± 4 days | 10i/4sc, 6c/8r, 2 l | ✘ | ✘ | Na | 0 | 30 | 180 | Swayne et al. [34] | |||
26 m, 14f/58 ± 9 | 13 ± 5 days | 40i/14sc, 26c/22r, 18 l | ✘ | ✘ | (1) Anodal tDCS | 0 | 7 | Khedr et al. [69] | ||||
(2) Cathodal tDCS | ||||||||||||
(3) Sham tDCS | ||||||||||||
10 m, 8f/59 ± 3 | < 4 weeks | 18i/5sc, 13c/9r, 9 l | ✘ | ✘ | Na | 0 | 13 | Bütefisch et al. [70] | ||||
24 m, 7f/37 ± 8 | 14 days | 31i/31sc/12r, 19 l | ✘ | ✘ | Na | 0 | 14 | 28 | Prashanta et al. [71] | |||
13 m, 8f/60 ± 12 | 16 ± 5 days | 9i, 12 h/na/16r, 5 l | ✘ | ✘ | Na | 0 | Lee et al. [72] | |||||
13 m, 4f/60 ± 10 | 25 days | na/8sc, 8c, 1na/11r, 6 l | ✘ | ✘ | (1) Virtual reality training | 0 | 14 | 44 | Yarossi et al. [73] | |||
10 m, 12f/62 ± 14 | 27 ± 12 days | 18i, 4 h/na/10r, 12 l | ✘ | ✘ | (1) 1 Hz rTMS + AO | 0 | 10 | Noh et al. [74] | ||||
(2) 1 Hz rTMS | ||||||||||||
16 m, 8f/64 ± 11 | 27 ± 7 days | 10i, 14 h/24sc/na | ✘ | ✘ | Na | 0 | 90 | 365 | 25 | Takechi et al. [75] | ||
6 m, 8f/68 ± 10 | 30 days | 14i/7sc, 7c/5r, 7 l | ✘ | ✘ | Na | 0 | 30 | Lioumis et al. [76] | ||||
8 m, 2f/67 ± 7 | 30 ± 6 days | 2i, 8 h/3sc, 7c/4r, 6 l | ✘ | ✘ | Na | 0 | 10 | Cincinelli et al. [77] | ||||
6 m, 4f/72 ± 8 | 30 ± 12 days | 9i, 1 h/8sc, 2c/4r, 6 l | ✘ | ✘ | Na | 0 | Lüdemann-Podubecká et al. [78] | |||||
10 m, 7f/66 ± 15 | 31 ± 20 days | 14i, 3 h/4sc, 13c/10r, 7 l | ✘ | ✘ | Na | 0 | Veldema et al. [38] | |||||
16 m, 12f/62 ± 14 | 32 ± 15 days | na/sc, c/16r, 12 l | ✘ | ✘ | Na | 0 | 28 | Platz et al. [79] | ||||
13 m, 7f/58 ± 11 | 34 ± 13 days | 20i/11sc, 9c/8r, 12 l | ✘ | ✘ | Na | 0 | Renner et al. [80] | |||||
11 m, 4f/55 ± 18 | 34 ± 9 days | 9i, 6 h/12sc, 3c/7r, 7 l, 1na | ✘ | ✘ | Na | 0 | 15 | Kim et al. [22] | ||||
6 m, 4f/60 ± 6 | 37 ± 15 days | 10i/7sc, 3c/5r, 5 l | ✘ | ✘ | (1) TBS | 0 | 1 | 10 | Khan et al. [81] | |||
(2) NMES | ||||||||||||
(3) TBS + NMES | ||||||||||||
11 m, 9f/64 ± 12 | 37 ± 17 days | 15i, 5 h/11sc, 9c/11r, 9 l | ✘ | ✘ | Na | 0 | 90 | 120 | Traversa et al. [82] | |||
9 m, 9f/62 ± 10 | 38 days | 18i/18sc/14r, 4 l | ✘ | ✘ | Na | 0 | 11 | Renner et al. [83] | ||||
26 m, 14f/63 ± 9 | 40 ± 24 days | 35i, 5 h/14sc, 26c/23r, 17 l | ✘ | ✘ | Na | 0 | Seniòw et al. [84] | |||||
6 m, 8f/67 ± 12 | 43 ± 12 days | 11i, 3 h/6sc, 8c/6r, 8 l | ✘ | ✘ | Na | 0 | 14 | Brouwer et al. [25] | ||||
5 m, 4f/55 (42–68) | 43 days | 9i/7sc, 2c/3r, 6 l | ✘ | ✘ | (1) PT | 0 | 0 | 1 | Liepert et al. [85] | |||
12 m, 6f/61 ± 12 | 35–60 days | na/10sc, 8c/3r, 16 l | ✘ | ✘ | Na | 0 | 63 | 20 | Cincinelli et al. [26] | |||
2 m, 6f/76 ± 14 | 52 ± 37 days | 4i, 4 h/4sc, 4c/3r, 5 l | ✘ | ✘ | Na | 0 | 60 | Matsura et al. [86] | ||||
9 m, 9f/70 ± 10 | 54 ± 44 days | na/8sc, 10c/11r, 7 l | ✘ | ✘ | Na | 0 | Veldema et al. [44] | |||||
16 m, 8f/50 ± 12 | 71 ± 39 days | 15i, 8 h, 1ih/14sc, 10c/13r, 11 l | ✘ | ✘ | Na | 0 | Tarri et al. [87] | |||||
11 m, 6f/64 ± 10 | 73 ± 15 days | na/5sc, 12c/7r, 10 l | ✘ | ✘ | Na | 0 | Cincinelli et al. [88] | |||||
5 m, 3f/60 ± 13 | 83 ± 56 days | 8i/8sc/2r, 6 l | ✘ | ✘ | Na | 0 | 8 | Liepert et al. [89] | ||||
6 m, 3f/62 ± 10 | 3 ± 1 months | 8i, 1 h/5sc, 4c/7r, 2 l | ✘ | ✘ | Na | 0 | 28 | 9 | Grau-Sánchez et al. [90] | |||
26 m, 14f/63 (57–71) | 4 (1–59) months | 40i, 24sc, 16c/20r, 20 l | ✘ | ✘ | Na | 0 | 24 | Kemlin et al. [91] | ||||
11 m, 9f/72 ± 13 | < 6 months | 20i/11sc, 9c/11r, 9 l | ✘ | ✘ | Na | 0 | Schambra et al. [92] | |||||
15 m, 6f/62 ± 9 | > 6 months | 21i/12sc, 9c/6r, 15 l | ✘ | ✘ | Na | 0 | ||||||
38 m, 10f/63 ± 12 | 5 ± 4 months | 48i/22sc, 23c, 3na/na | ✘ | ✘ | (1) 1 Hz rTMS + iTBS | 0 | 28 | 120 | Wang et al. [45] | |||
(2) iTBS + 1 Hz rTMS | ||||||||||||
(3) sham | ||||||||||||
13/na/58 ± 4 | 3–9 months | 13i/na/na | ✘ | ✘ | Na | 0 | 14 | 28 | Sawaki et al. [123] | |||
26/na/58 ± 4 | > 3 months | 26i/na/na | ✘ | ✘ | (1) 3–9 months since stroke | 0 | 14 | 134 | Sawaki et al. [93] | |||
(2) > 12 months since stroke |
Patients characteristics | Study design | Evaluations schedule (days) | Healthy controls (number) | References | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number/sex | Time since stroke | Stroke etiology and location | Cross-sectional | Longitudinal | Observational | Interventional | Groups | BL | 1.FU | 2.FU | ||
17 m, 7f/61 ± 13 | 6 ± 12 months | 24i/10sc, 14c/17r, 7 l | ✘ | ✘ | Na | 0 | Theilig et al. [94] | |||||
26 m, 16f/59 ± 11 | 7 ± 6 months | na/na/28r, 14 l | ✘ | ✘ | Na | 0 | Chervyakov et al. [95] | |||||
41 m, 13f/63 ± 13 | 8 ± 2 months | 35i, 19 h/35sc, 19c/na | ✘ | ✘ | (1) 1 Hz rTMS + iTBS (2) sham rTMS + iTBS (3) 1 Hz rTMS + sham iTBS (4) sham rTMS + sham iTBS | 0 | 14 | 28 | Sung et al. [96] | |||
17 m, 9f/64 ± 12 | 6–18 months | Na/26sc/12r, 14 l | ✘ | ✘ | Na | 0 | 20 | Pennisi et al. [97] | ||||
36/na/66 ± 7 | > 6 months | 36i/sc, c/na | ✘ | ✘ | Na | 0 | Borich et al. [24] | |||||
5 m, 7f/26–75 | 14 ± 9 months | Na (6sc, 6c/6r, 6 l | ✘ | ✘ | Na | 0 | Bastings et al. [40] | |||||
13 m, 9f/64 ± 9 | 17 ± 7 months | 22i/3sc, 19c/8r, 14 l | ✘ | ✘ | Na | 0 | Cakar et al. [23] | |||||
6 m, 4f/56 ± 11 | 17 ± 15 months | 7i,3 h/na/4r, 6 l | ✘ | ✘ | Na | 0 | Shiner et al. [31] | |||||
6 m, 3f/52 ± 9 | 18 ± 6 months | 9i/9sc/9 l | ✘ | ✘ | Na | 0 | Braun et al. [98] | |||||
6 m, 4f/61 ± 8 | 6–48 months | na/na/na | ✘ | ✘ | Na | 0 | 10 | Cruz Martínez et al. [99] | ||||
6 m, 1f/66 ± 9 | 23 ± 13 months | 5i, 2 h/5sc, 2c/2r, 5 l | ✘ | ✘ | Na | 0 | 21 | Chouinard et al. [100] | ||||
7 m, 6f/69 ± 8 | 23 ± 16 months | 10i, 3 h/13sc/4r, 9 l | ✘ | ✘ | Na | 0 | Ackerley et al. [101] | |||||
13 m, 7f/53 ± 14 | 27 ± 18 months | 20i/na/8r, 12 l | ✘ | ✘ | Na | 0 | Takeuchi et al. [35] | |||||
10 m, 2f/57 ± 12 | 28 ± 30 months | 12i/12sc/10r, 2 l | ✘ | ✘ | Na | 0 | Bestmann et al. [41] | |||||
15 m, 6f/54 ± 12 | 29 ± 38 months | na/8sc, 13c/9r, 12 l | ✘ | ✘ | Na | 0 | Stinear et al. [33] | |||||
7 m, 3f/59 ± 15 | 30 ± 25 months | na/na/6r, 4 l | ✘ | ✘ | (1) OT | 0 | 28 | 58 | Koski et al. [21] | |||
15 m, 5f/59 ± 9 | 6–74 months | na/12sc, 8c/9r, 11 l | ✘ | ✘ | Na | 0 | 28 | Amangual et al. [124] | ||||
2 m, 4f/58 ± 15 | 31 ± 38 months | 6i/3sc, 3c/1r, 5 l | ✘ | ✘ | Na | 0 | Talelli et al. [102] | |||||
13 m, 3f/64 (41–81) | 33 (12–86) months | 16i/na/2r, 14 l | ✘ | ✘ | (1) CIMT (2) control | 0 | 10 | Wittenberg et al. [103] | ||||
12 m, 8f/61 ± 6 | 38 ± 38 months | Na/na/6r, 14 l | ✘ | ✘ | Na | 0 | Milot et al. [104] | |||||
15 m, 3f/67 ± 2 | 40 ± 6 months | Na/12sc, 6c/5r, 13 l | ✘ | ✘ | Na | 0 | 17 | Guder et al. [42] | ||||
7 m, 5f/60 ± 11 | 40 ± 25 months | Na/6sc, 6c/4r, 8 l | ✘ | ✘ | Na | 0 | 12 | Liepert et al. [105] | ||||
17 m, 13f/65 ± 9 | 40 ± 27 months | Na/8sc, 21c/17r, 13 l | ✘ | ✘ | (1) PT (2) RMV + PT | 0 | 7 | 14 | Marconi et al. [106] | |||
17 m, 6f/56 ± 14 | 43 ± 63 months | 23i/23sc/15r, 8 l | ✘ | ✘ | Na | 0 | Thickbroom et al. [36] | |||||
50 m, 32f/68 (42–90) | 43 (5–227) months | 82i/na /82 l | ✘ | ✘ | Na | 0 | 90 | 270 | Edwards et al. [20] | |||
6 m, 3f/40 ± 5 | 44 ± 8 months | 9i/2sc, 7c/1r, 8 l | ✘ | ✘ | Na | 0 | Conforto et al. [107] | |||||
11 m, 8f/66 ± 11 | 45 ± 36 months | 19i/13sc, 6c/11r, 8 l | ✘ | ✘ | Na | 0 | Palmer et al. [16] | |||||
4 m, 5f/57 ± 17 | 50 ± 41 months | 9i/sc, c/5r, 4 l | ✘ | ✘ | Na | 0 | Von Lewinski et al. [108] | |||||
8 m, 4f/62 ± 10 | 51 ± 30 months | 12i/12c/6r, 6 l | ✘ | ✘ | Na | 0 | Carey et al. [109] | |||||
8 m, 5f/66 ± 10 | 52 ± 39 months | 13i/13sc/7r, 6 l | ✘ | ✘ | Na | 0 | 12 | Gray et al. [110] | ||||
50 m, 20f/60 ± 12 | 57 ± 63 months | i, h/na/38r, 32 l | ✘ | ✘ | Na | 0 | Kuppuswamy et al. [111] | |||||
8 m, 3f/66 ± 9 | 57 ± 52 months | 9i, 2 h/5sc, 6c/3r, 8 l | ✘ | ✘ | Na | 0 | Cassidy et al. [112] | |||||
4 m, 6f/62 ± 12 | 4.8 ± 5.5 years | 10i/7sc, 3c/6r, 4 l | ✘ | ✘ | Na | 0 | 14 | 28 | Restemeyer et al. [113] | |||
11 m, 1f/71 ± 9 | 5.0 ± 4.4 years | na/1sc, 11c/7r, 5r | ✘ | ✘ | Na | 0 | 16 | Mooney et al. [114] | ||||
10 m, 8f/62 ± 12 | 5.1 ± 1.0 years | 18i/10sc, 8c/8r, 10 l | ✘ | ✘ | Na | 0 | 18 | Buetefisch et al. [115] | ||||
10 m, 4f/48–91 | 5.1 ± 3.8 years | 14i/na/na | ✘ | ✘ | Na | 0 | Silverstein et al. [32] | |||||
17 m, 10f/61 ± 8 | 5.6 ± 4.0 years | na/27sc/14r, 13 l | ✘ | ✘ | Na | 0 | Takeuchi et al. [116] | |||||
10 m, 3f/57 ± 10 | 5.9 ± 4.7 years | 13i/10sc, 3c/2r, 11 l | ✘ | ✘ | Na | 0 | 40 | 194 | Liepert et al. [117] | |||
19 m, 5f/65 ± 9 | 6.0 ± 5.1 years | na/14sc, 8c/na | ✘ | ✘ | Na | 0 | 11 | Mang et al. [43] | ||||
14 m, 6f/62 ± 14 | 6.2 ± 2.7 years | 20i/13sc, 7c/12r, 8 l | ✘ | ✘ | Na | 0 | Werhahn et al. [39] | |||||
9 m, 4f/66 ± 9 | 6.2 ± 3.6 years | na/8sc, 4c/6r, 7 l | ✘ | ✘ | Na | 0 | Miller et al. [29] | |||||
26 m, 6f/61 ± 8 | 6.8 ± 3.5 years | 20i, 12 h/na/12r, 20 l | ✘ | ✘ | Na | 0 | Liu et al. [118] | |||||
6 m, 2f/59 ± 9 | 7.3 ± 7.5 years | na/6sc, 2c/4r, 4 l | ✘ | ✘ | Na | 0 | 28 | Liepert et al. [119] | ||||
22 m, 5f/61 ± 8 | 7.6 ± 2.3 years | 17i, 10 h/na/9r, 18 l | ✘ | ✘ | Na | 0 | 15 | Liu et al. [120] | ||||
6 m, 8f/62 ± 16 | 8.0 ± 11.3 years | 9i, 5 h/7sc, 7c/8r, 6 l | ✘ | ✘ | Na | 0 | 14 | Brouwer et al. [25] | ||||
11 m, 5f/59 ± 10 | 10.0 ± 6.0 years | na/na/6r, 10 l | ✘ | ✘ | Na | 0 | 9 | Lewis et al. [121] | ||||
5 m, 5f/16 ± 6 | 16 ± 6 years | na /sc, c/4r, 6 l | ✘ | ✘ | Na | 0 | 8 | Berweck et al. [122] |