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Table 2 Mean ± Standard deviation for the scale and drawing error measures, averaged by orientation, task, shape and group

From: Proximal and distal movement patterns during a graphomotor task in typically developing children and children with handwriting problems

Group

Horizontal

Vertical

Copy

Trace

Copy

Trace

\(\circ\)

\(\square\)

\(\triangle\)

\(\circ\)

\(\square\)

\(\triangle\)

\(\circ\)

\(\square\)

\(\triangle\)

\(\circ\)

\(\square\)

\(\triangle\)

Scale

 Control

0.808 ± 0.166

0.807 ± 0.166

0.798 ± 0.147

0.991 ± 0.012

0.992 ± 0.008

0.976 ± 0.012

0.810 ± 0.154

0.796 ± 0.164

0.778 ± 0.139

0.988 ± 0.013

0.992 ± 0.005

0.975 ± 0.008

 Research

0.780 ± 0.160

0.813 ± 0.120

0.795 ± 0.156

0.981 ± 0.011

0.988 ± 0.019

0.967 ± 0.053

0.776 ± 0.130

0.814 ± 0.161

0.800 ± 0.154

0.982 ± 0.012

0.991 ± 0.011

0.972 ± 0.024

Drawing error (%)

 Control

2.835 ± 1.478

3.450 ± 1.511

3.278 ± 1.483

0.801 ± 0.295

0.974 ± 0.504

0.790 ± 0.192

3.347 ± 1.355

4.471 ± 2.427

3.448 ± 1.503

0.780 ± 0.273

0.897 ± 0.357

0.836 ± 0.282

 Research

3.718 ± 1.283

4.147 ± 1.422

3.847 ± 1.282

1.264 ± 0.833

1.238 ± 0.562

1.281 ± 0.621

3.861 ± 1.496

5.016 ± 2.448

4.245 ± 1.955

1.306 ± 0.712

1.258 ± 0.682

1.063 ± 0.385