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Table 5 Precision, recall, and F1 score of the 7 classifiers for 4 cases

From: Classification of Parkinson’s disease with freezing of gait based on 360° turning analysis using 36 kinematic features

 

ML techniques

PDs vs. Cons (with 36 features)

PDs vs. Cons (with 5 features)

F vs. NF (with 36 features)

F vs. NF (with 6 features)

Precision

LR

97.6 ± 2.5

98.2 ± 2.6

74.2 ± 1.8

73.6 ± 10.7

KNN

95.6 ± 5.3

97.1 ± 3.4

65.6 ± 9.7

67.4 ± 11.2

NB

91.9 ± 3.1

97.1 ± 2.9

74.3 ± 4.0

65.1 ± 9.7

LDA

96.3 ± 4.2

97.7 ± 3.2

72.6 ± 9.2

70.1 ± 12.1

QDA

98.2 ± 2.6

97.6 ± 2.5

73.3 ± 11.5

68.2 ± 10.6

SVM

98.2 ± 2.6

98.2 ± 2.6

72.1 ± 11.1

59.0 ± 33.6

RF

98.2 ± 1.7

98.2 ± 2.6

81.4 ± 6.6

71.6 ± 10.3

Recall

LR

97.4 ± 2.8

98.0 ± 3.0

72.8 ± 0.8

72.9 ± 10.8

KNN

94.7 ± 6.9

96.7 ± 4.1

62.9 ± 8.7

61.9 ± 7.8

NB

91.6 ± 2.9

96.7 ± 3.3

70.6 ± 6.5

64.0 ± 9.0

LDA

96.1 ± 4.3

97.4 ± 3.6

71.8 ± 9.3

69.6 ± 12.3

QDA

98.0 ± 3.0

97.4 ± 2.8

72.6 ± 11.5

67.5 ± 10.9

SVM

98.0 ± 3.0

98.0 ± 3.0

69.4 ± 8.9

63.4 ± 16.8

RF

98.1 ± 1.8

98.0 ± 3.0

79.4 ± 6.9

70.8 ± 10.6

F1 score

LR

97.4 ± 2.8

98.0 ± 3.0

72.5 ± 0.9

72.7 ± 10.9

KNN

94.6 ± 7.1

96.7 ± 4.1

61.6 ± 8.5

58.8 ± 8.7

NB

91.6 ± 2.8

96.7 ± 3.3

69.1 ± 9.2

63.5 ± 9.0

LDA

96.1 ± 4.3

97.4 ± 3.6

71.5 ± 9.4

69.5 ± 12.4

QDA

98.0 ± 3.0

97.4 ± 2.8

72.4 ± 11.6

67.2 ± 11.2

SVM

98.0 ± 3.0

98.0 ± 3.0

68.8 ± 8.8

54.9 ± 24.7

RF

98.1 ± 1.8

98.0 ± 3.0

79.1 ± 7.1

70.4 ± 10.9

  1. Precision, recall, and F1 score are represented as mean (%) ± standard deviation (%)
  2. ML machine learning, PDs people with PD, Cons controls, F people with PD with FOG, NF people with PD without FOG, LR logistic regression, KNN k-nearest neighbors, NB Naïve Bayes, LDA linear discriminant analysis, QDA quadratic discriminant analysis, SVM support vector machine, RF random forest