Effects of Balance Exercise Assist Robot training for patients with hemiparetic stroke: a randomized controlled trial

Table 4 Changes in other secondary outcomes among the groups

		Change from baseline				Post-intervention (Week 2)				Follow-up (Week 4)
		Post-intervention		Follow-up		Group effect		Post-hoc test *		Group effect
		(Week 2)		(Week 4)		F-value	P-value	vs. IBT	vs CR	F-value	P-value
SIAS lower limb motor score, mean (SD)	BEAR	0.9	(1.4)^†	0.8	(1.4)	0.46	0.634			0.09	0.912
	IBT	0.6	(1.9)	0.9	(2.0)
	CR	0.1	(0.9)	0.3	(1.1)
Maximum COP movement, left–right, cm, mean (SD)	BEAR	3.2	(5.7)^†	3.2	(5.2)^†	0.62	0.543			0.19	0.825
	IBT	1.9	(4.7)	2.2	(4.6)
	CR	0.1	(5.7)	1.4	(6.4)
Maximum COP movement, anterior-to-posterior, cm, mean (SD)	BEAR	0.7	(2.6)	1.1	(2.6)	0.12	0.889			0.04	0.963
	IBT	0.9	(2.4)	1.1	(3.0)
	CR	0.1	(3.6)	0.7	(3.5)
Functional Ambulation Category, mean (SD)	BEAR	0.7	(0.8)^†	0.7	(0.6)^†	0.47	0.629			2.20	0.123
	IBT	0.5	(0.6)^†	0.8	(0.7)^†
	CR	0.4	(0.6)^†	0.9	(0.8)^†‡
Timed Up and Go test, sec, mean (SD)	BEAR	− 4.2	(6.0)^†	− 4.5	(6.5)^†	4.07	0.023	0.216	0.022	1.84	0.171
	IBT	− 2.2	(3.5)^†	− 2.6	(3.8)^†				0.999
	CR	− 0.9	(2.3)	− 1.7	(3.7)
Falls Efficacy Scale-International, mean (SD)	BEAR	− 0.9	(10.2)	− 3.8	(7.1)	0.46	0.636			0.12	0.890
	IBT	− 3.4	(9.5)	− 4.1	(8.5)
	CR	− 0.7	(5.2)	− 2.4	(6.2)
FIM, motor score, mean (SD)	BEAR	9.8	(8.6)^†	13.4	(9.3)^†	2.07	0.136			1.71	0.193
	IBT	9.4	(7.8)^†	9.3	(9.2)^†
	CR	3.6	(3.9)^†	9.2	(6.7)^†‡
FIM, cognition score, mean (SD)	BEAR	1.1	(2.3)	1.1	(2.1)^†	0.34	0.717			0.52	0.598
	IBT	0.9	(2.2)	1.3	(2.9)^†
	CR	0.6	(1.3)	1.1	(1.9)^†
FIM, total score, mean (SD)	BEAR	10.9	(9.4)^†	14.5	(9.3)^†	2.37	0.104			1.82	0.174
	IBT	10.3	(8.2)^†	15.0	(11.2)^†
	CR	4.2	(4.7)^†	10.3	(7.4)^†‡

BEAR Balance Exercise Assist Robot; COP center of pressure; CR conventional rehabilitation; FIM Functional Independence Measure; IBT intensive balance training; SD standard deviation; SIAS Stroke Impairment Assessment Set
Significant within-group difference from baseline^† and from 2 weeks^‡. *When statistically significant between-group differences were found (P < 0.05), multiple comparisons were performed between all the groups using the Bonferroni correction method

ISSN: 1743-0003