Table 1 Descriptive statistics of study settings, therapy intensity and exoskeletons characteristics

Awad (2017) [45]

N/A

11

49 ± 4

CHR

 > 6 mo

A

N/A

N/A

S (4.09)

1

x

BC

P

N/A

JK-GRF

Quintana (2020) [34]

N/A

4

18–75

N/R

N/R

A

N/A

N/A

R (2.8)

1

x

JT

P—F.^a

AAN

N/A

Forrester (2011) [46]

N/A

8

18–85

CHR

 > 6 mo

T

30–60 min

18 in 6 w

R

1

x

C

F

AAN, I

N/A

Forrester (2014) [25]

18 Str

18

 > 18

SA

 < 50 days

T

30–60 min

 ~ 10

R

1

x

C

F

AAN, I

N/A

Forrester (2016) [47]

N/A

26

59 ± 4

CHR

 > 6 mo

T

30–60 min

18 in 6 w

R

1

x

C

F

AAN, I

N/A

S. Hirano (2017) [36]

N/A

1

70

SA

 = 17 days

T

40 min

20 in 4 w

R (5.7)

1

x

JT

F

N/A

JK-GRF

Van Asseldonk (2009) [29]

N/A

4

N/R

CHR

N/R

T

45 min

18 in 6 w

R

8

x

x

x

BC

F

I

JK

Murray (2015) [48]

N/A

1

39

CHR

 > 3 mo

A

N/A

N/A

R (12)

4

x

x

JT

F

I

GRF

Murray (2014) [49]

N/A

3

39,42,69

CHR

 > 3 mo

A

N/A

N/A

R (12)

4

x

x

JT

F

N/A

GRF

Banala (2009) [33]

N/A

2

N/R

N/R

T

3 h

15 in 3 w

R

2

x

x

JT

F

T

JK-JF

Bae (2015) [50]

N/A

3

29–63

CHR

N/R

A

N/A

N/A

S (0.3, textiles)

2

x

BC

P

BB

JK

Buesing (2015) [26]

25 Str

25

18–85

CHR

 ~  = 12 mo

T

45 min

18 in 6 w

R (2.8)

1

x

JT

F

I

N/A

Durandau (2019) [42]

N/A

2

37–72

CHR

N/R

A

N/A

N/A

R

3

x

x

x

JT

F

N/A

JK-EMG

Jia-Fan (2010) [35]

N/A

1

2

31–59

N/R

T

N/R

N/R

R (30)

2

x

x

JT

F

T, I

JK

Bishop (2017) [38]

N/A

2

39–53

CHR

 ~  = 16, 3 yrs

T

40 min

5 sessions

R

N/R

x

C

F

BB

JK-JF-GRF

Krishnan (2013) [40]

N/A

1

62

CHR

N/R

T

45- 60 min

12 in 4 w

R

2

x

x

JT

F

T

N/A

Krishnan (2012) [41]

N/A

1

52

CHR

N/R

T

90 min

12 in 4 w

R

2

x

x

JT

F

T

JK

Kwon (2019) [51]

N/A

1

49

CHR

 > 10 mo

A

N/A

N/A

S (1.54)

1

x

BC

P

N/A

JK-GRF

Lee (2019) [27]

14 Str

14

62 ± 8

CHR

 > 3 mo

T

45 min

12 in 4 w

S (2.8)

1

x

JT

P

AAN

JK

Martinez (2018) [39]

N/A

1

37

CHR

 ~  = 6 yrs

A

N/A

N/A

R (12)

4

x

x

JT

P

T-BB

JK

McCain (2019) [52]

N/A

6

50 ± 8

CHR

 > 6 mo

A

N/A

N/A

R

1

x

BC

F

AAN

JK-GRF-EMG

Mizukami (2018) [32]

N/A

15

59 ± 15

SA/CHR

 ~  = 63–1383 days

A

N/A

N/A

R (5.8)

4

x

x

JT

F

I

JK

Villa-Parra (2020) [28]

11 Heal

3

53—58

CHR

 ~  = 9–21 mo

A

N/A

N/A

R (3.4)

1

x

JT

F

I

JK-JF-GRF

Roy (2018) [53]

N/A

14

18–85

CHR

 > 6 mo

T

60 min

18 in 6 w

R (3.6)

1

x

JT

P

N/A

GRF

Sacco (2018) [30]

N/A

1

N/R

CHR

 > 10 mo

A

N/A

N/A

R

6

x

x

x

JT

P

T

JK-JF

Swift (2010) [31]

N/A

3

N/R

CHR

 > 12 mo

A

30 min

1 session

R (39)

4

x

x

HYD

H

N/A

JK-GRF

Van Asseldonk (2009b) [54]

N/A

5

57 ± 4

CHR

 > 6 mo

A

N/A

N/A

R

8

x

x

x

BC

F

I

JK

Tanaka (2019) [44]

N/A

11

21–81

CHR

N/R

T

60 min

6–15 in 3 w

R

2

x

x

JT

F

N/A

JK-EMG

Yeung (2017) [37]

N/A

3

58,58,72

CHR

 > 24 mo

A

N/A

N/A

R (1)

1

x

JT

F

N/A

JK-JF

Zadravec (2017) [43]

N/A

1

64

CHR

 > 10 mo

T

15 min

31 in 10 w

R

3

x

JT

F

I

GRF