Table 2 Population characteristics. Information regarding the sample size, age, additional aetiology-related inclusion criteria, and outcome type are presented

Almubark et al.

N/R

45

Event happened more than 6 months before the study

Upper extremity home use

Bates et al.

70.4 (11.47)

4020

N/A

Physical grade achievement

Berlowitz et al.

67.7 (11.1)

2402

N/A

Functional outcome

Bland et al.

[21–93]

269

N/A

Walking ability

Cheng et al.

N/R

82

Ischemic

Recovery

Li et al.

65.6 (12.31)

271

First-ever ischemic

Functional status

De Marchis et al.

[60–83]

1102

Acute ischemic

Unfavourable functional outcome

de Ridder et al.

PAIS: 70.1 (13.4)

PRACTISE: 70.6 (13.4)

PASS: 71.9 (12.5)

PAIS = training = 1227

PASS = validation = 2125 (2107)

PRACTISE = validation = 1657 (1589)

Ischemic

Disability and functional outcome

George et al.

[24–84]

35

Chronic

Extent of motor recovery after constraint-induced movement therapy

König et al.

Original: 68.1 (12.7)

VISTA: 68.8 (12.3)

Original = 1754

VISTA = 5048

Acute ischemic

Functional independence

Kuceyeski et al.

72.0 (12.0)

41

Ischemic

Clinical performance

Abdel Majeed et al.

Control arm: 55.54 (12.63)

Treatment arm: 55.23 (9.11)

26

Chronic

Change in clinical outcomes

Masiero et al.

Construction set: 69 (12)

Validation set: 68 (11)

150

Recent stroke (< 8 weeks post-event)

Ambulation

Mostafavi et al.

N/R

126

Assessment of impairment

Sale et al.

N/R

55

Subacute (15 ± 10 days from injury)

Motor improvement

Scrutinio, Lanzillo, et al.

Derivation set: 72 (12)

Validation set: 70 (12)

1592

N/A

Functional status

Scrutinio, Guida, et al.

[65–80]

951

30 days from stroke occurrence

Treatment failure

Sonoda et al.

Prediction group: 63.4

Validation group: 65.2

131

N/A

Stroke outcome

Zariffa et al.

[60–73]

9

Chronic

Measure of upper-limb function