Spatiotemporal parameters | Normal | tPNS | P | CT | P | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
X (SD) | X (SD) | X (SD) | |||||
Pre-training | Post-training | Pre-training | Post-training | ||||
Cadence (steps/min) | 105.49 (10.34) | 71.94 (15.98) | 78.44 (17.41) | 0.056 | 76.73 (18.31) | 77.72 (18.78) | 0.713 |
Stride time (s) | 1.15 (0.11) | 1.77 (0.46) | 1.63 (0.46) | 0.130 | 1.68 (0.51) | 1.68 (0.52) | 0.986 |
Less-affected foot off (%) | 10.79 (2.01) | 15.47 (7.15) | 11.42 (3.87)* | 0.010 | 16.46 (6.32) | 17.75 (10.13) | 0.634 |
Less-affected foot contact (%) | 49.69 (1.38) | 43.89 (5.72) | 42.21 (6.56)* | 0.221 | 46.04 (4.75) | 48.70 (5.97) | 0.163 |
Step time (s) | 0.58 (0.06) | 1.01 (0.35) | 0.96 (0.37) | 0.506 | 0.92 (0.33) | 0.85 (0.24) | 0.290 |
Single support (s) | 0.45 (0.04) | 0.48 (0.08) | 0.48 (0.09) | 0.813 | 0.48 (0.13) | 0.49 (0.09) | 0.715 |
Double support (s) | 0.26 (0.04) | 0.61 (0.36) | 0.49 (0.09) | 0.043 | 0.58 (0.36) | 0.57 (0.40) | 0.904 |
Foot off (%) | 61.34 (1.79) | 60.40 (7.45) | 58.95 (6.62) | 0.071 | 62.05 (6.18) | 62.73 (6.81) | 0.430 |
Stride length (m) | 1.07 (0.10) | 0.70 (0.29) | 0.78 (0.24) | 0.017 | 0.73 (0.26) | 0.74 (0.25) | 0.607 |
Step length (m) | 0.53 (0.05) | 0.37 (0.17) | 0.41 (0.11) | 0.060 | 0.37 (0.12) | 0.39 (0.12) | 0.129 |
Walking speed (m/s) | 0.95 (0.13) | 0.44 (0.25) | 0.53 (0.23) | 0.001 | 0.49 (0.26) | 0.50 (0.24) | 0.568 |