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Table 3 Spatiotemporal parameters for normal, tPNS, and CT group

From: Spatiotemporal, kinematic and kinetic assessment of the effects of a foot drop stimulator for home-based rehabilitation of patients with chronic stroke: a randomized clinical trial

Spatiotemporal parameters

Normal

tPNS

P

CT

P

X (SD)

X (SD)

X (SD)

Pre-training

Post-training

Pre-training

Post-training

Cadence (steps/min)

105.49 (10.34)

71.94 (15.98)

78.44 (17.41)

0.056

76.73 (18.31)

77.72 (18.78)

0.713

Stride time (s)

1.15 (0.11)

1.77 (0.46)

1.63 (0.46)

0.130

1.68 (0.51)

1.68 (0.52)

0.986

Less-affected foot off (%)

10.79 (2.01)

15.47 (7.15)

11.42 (3.87)*

0.010

16.46 (6.32)

17.75 (10.13)

0.634

Less-affected foot contact (%)

49.69 (1.38)

43.89 (5.72)

42.21 (6.56)*

0.221

46.04 (4.75)

48.70 (5.97)

0.163

Step time (s)

0.58 (0.06)

1.01 (0.35)

0.96 (0.37)

0.506

0.92 (0.33)

0.85 (0.24)

0.290

Single support (s)

0.45 (0.04)

0.48 (0.08)

0.48 (0.09)

0.813

0.48 (0.13)

0.49 (0.09)

0.715

Double support (s)

0.26 (0.04)

0.61 (0.36)

0.49 (0.09)

0.043

0.58 (0.36)

0.57 (0.40)

0.904

Foot off (%)

61.34 (1.79)

60.40 (7.45)

58.95 (6.62)

0.071

62.05 (6.18)

62.73 (6.81)

0.430

Stride length (m)

1.07 (0.10)

0.70 (0.29)

0.78 (0.24)

0.017

0.73 (0.26)

0.74 (0.25)

0.607

Step length (m)

0.53 (0.05)

0.37 (0.17)

0.41 (0.11)

0.060

0.37 (0.12)

0.39 (0.12)

0.129

Walking speed (m/s)

0.95 (0.13)

0.44 (0.25)

0.53 (0.23)

0.001

0.49 (0.26)

0.50 (0.24)

0.568

  1. *Significant difference between two groups comparison at post-training (P < 0.05)