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Table 5 Ankle and foot progress angle peak at stance phase and swing phase

From: Spatiotemporal, kinematic and kinetic assessment of the effects of a foot drop stimulator for home-based rehabilitation of patients with chronic stroke: a randomized clinical trial

Kinematic parameters (°)

Normal

tPNS

P

CT

P

X (SD)

X (SD)

X (SD)

Pre-training

Post-training

Pre-training

Post-training

Ankle StPmax

 Sagittal

9.30 (4.62)

12.29 (7.57)

14.57 (6.87)

0.134

13.11 (5.88)

14.88 (3.54)

0.264

 Frontal

1.66 (2.04)

5.20 (4.90)

2.80 (4.00)

0.132

4.35 (4.04)

3.20 (4.21)

0.150

 Transverse

9.20 (11.73)

− 0.40 (18.12)

11.86 (11.76)

0.023

− 5.26 (16.19)

0.15 (24.85)

0.334

Ankle SwPmin

 Sagittal

− 17.17 (7.03)

− 8.76 (5.74)

− 5.91 (7.95)

0.113

− 8.14 (7.80)

− 6.58 (5.08)

0.452

 Frontal

− 0.93 (1.24)

− 1.14 (4.28)

− 2.61 (3.05)

0.283

0.66 (2.89)

− 1.17 (5.00)

0.066

 Transverse

− 14.16 (12.49)

− 26.29 (18.86)

− 14.48 (15.09)

0.039

− 26.51 (15.95)

− 21.09 (22.03)

0.258

Foot progress StPmax

 Sagittal

− 20.15 (8.90)

− 53.32 (16.08)

− 66.84 (25.59)*

0.101

− 49.18 (15.13)

− 48.06 (17.57)

0.695

 Frontal

8.25 (3.72)

2.71 (6.03)

6.13 (3.75)

0.032

4.64 (3.92)

2.00 (16.42)

0.605

 Transverse

− 3.73 (6.01)

− 9.34 (10.44)

− 4.27 (5.66)

0.046

− 8.38 (7.97)

− 9.28 (8.72)

0.523

Foot progress SwPmin

 Sagittal

− 101.56 (6.74)

− 99.58 (6.04)

− 90.79 (20.06)

0.148

− 99.56 (11.77)

− 97.28 (7.90)

0.806

 Frontal

− 1.43 (2.56)

− 9.31 (6.83)

− 7.35 (5.31)

0.211

− 8.13 (6.34)

− 9.57 (17.97)

0.771

 Transverse

− 18.76 (6.25)

− 26.01 (13.70)

− 22.20 (8.07)

0.247

− 25.27 (11.21)

25.65 (12.42)

0.858

  1. StPmax: maximum value in the stance phase; SwPmin: minimum value in the swing phase
  2. The data with bold: not normally distributed with Mann–Whitney U test
  3. P value for within group comparison; *significant difference between two groups comparison at post-training (P < 0.05)