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Table 2 Technical aspects of each study included in the SR collection

From: Soft robotics and functional electrical stimulation advances for restoring hand function in people with SCI: a narrative review, clinical guidelines and future directions

Study /

device used\(^{\text{a}}\)  

Interv.

aim\(^{\text{b}}\)  

Actuation

type\(^{\text{c}}\)  

User intent

detection\(^{\text{d}}\)  

Active

fingers

Assisted

motion\(^{\text{e}}\)  

Grasp

Patterns

Weight [g]

Home-

based\(^{\text{f}}\)  

Main

Other

Correia et al. 2020 [53]/

no name [RP]

A

Pneumatic

Button

All

F/E

Palmar

3-point

122–149

–

P

Zhou et al. 2019 [52]/

no name [RP]

A

Pneumatic

Pressure

Bend sens.

All

F/E

Palmar

3-point

122–149

–

P

Cappello et al. 2018 [51]/

no name [RP]

A

Pneumatic

Button

All

F/E

Palmar

3-point

77

5000

P

Bützer et al. 2021 [64]/

ETHZ RELab tenoexo [RP]

A

TLSS

Button

sEMG

All

F/E/

Tb/Td \(^{\text{g}}\)  

Palmar

Lateral

148

492

P

Nazari et al. 2021 [65]/

no name [RP]

A

TLSS

sEMG

All

F/E/

Tb/Td

Palmar

Lateral

228

–

P

Tran et al. 2020 [66]/

FLEXotendon Glove-II [RP]

A

Cable

Voice cmd.

Thumb

Index

Middle

F/E/

Tb/Td \(^{\text{h}}\)  

–

297\(^{\text{i}}\)  

–

U

Yoo et al. 2019 [67]/

no name [RP]

A

Cable

sEMG

Thumb

Index

Middle

F

3-point

190

260

P

Kim et al. 2019 [40]/

Exo-Glove Poly [RP]

A

Cable

Camera

Thumb

Index

Middle

F/E

3-point

–

1630

U

Kang et al. 2018 [55]/

Exo-Glove Poly II [RP]

A

Cable

Button

Index

Middle

F/E

3-point

104

1140

U

Randozzo et al. 2018 [68]/

EMOVO Grasp [C]

A

Cable

App

All\(^{j}\)

F/E

–

50

930

P

In et al. 2015 [54]/

Exo-Glove [RP]

A

Cable

Bend sens.

Thumb

Index

Middle

F/E

3-point

194

–

U

Osuagwu et al. 2020 [50]/

SEM Glove [C]

T

Cable

Pressure sens.

Thumb

Middle

Ring

F

3-point

85

600

R

  1. aC: commercial (including products no longer commercialized); RP: research prototype
  2. b Intervention aim. A: assistance; R: therapy
  3. cTLSS: three-layered sliding spring mechanism
  4. dsEMG: superficial electromyography
  5. eF: flexion; E: extension; Tb: thumb abduction; Td: thumb adduction
  6. fPrepared for home-based use. R: ready; P: potentially; U: unclear
  7. gThe thumb adduction and abduction are passive
  8. hThe finger extension and the thumb abduction are passive
  9. iThe orthotics weights 69 g and the actuators (attached to the forearm) weights 228 g
  10. jAlthough the authors present the device with all fingers actuated, they tested it using only the thumb, index and medium fingers. The hyphen means lack of information