From: Gait biofeedback training in people with Parkinson’s disease: a pilot study
Condition (mean (SD)) | Effect size (SMD) | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline | Intervention | Post-Intervention | Follow-up | Sig. | B - I | B -PI | B -FU | I - PI | I -FU | PI -FU | ||
Spatiotemporal characteristics | ||||||||||||
Gait velocity (m/s) | 1.12 (0.16) | 1.01 (0.21) | 1.10 (0.17) | 1.12 (0.19) | a, b, d, e | 0.67 | 0.27 | – | 0.50 | 0.67 | – | |
Stride length (m) | 1.22 (0.16) | 1.13 (0.20) | 1.20 (0.17) | 1.22 (0.17) | a, b, d, e, f | 0.56 | 0.25 | – | 0.37 | 0.58 | 0.29 | |
Segmental motion | ||||||||||||
ML Trunk lean (o) | 4.19 (1.40) | 3.48 (1.50) | 3.88 (1.46) | 4.04 (1.50) | a, b, d, e | 0.50 | 0.32 | – | 0.39 | 0.57 | – | |
Absolute ML Head motion (cm) | 5.77 (1.39) | 5.38 (2.07) | 5.33 (1.23) | 5.55 (1.49) | a, b | 0.49 | 0.45 | – | – | – | – | |
Absolute ML Trunk motion (cm) | 5.01 (1.15) | 5.04 (1.24) | 4.81 (1.07) | 4.85 (1.14) | ns | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
Absolute ML Pelvis motion (cm) | 4.80 (0.89) | 4.74 (0.91) | 4.51 (0.79) | 4.57 (0.74) | b, c, d | – | 0.44 | 0.46 | 0.39 | – | – | |
Normalised ML Head motion (cm/m/s) | 5.38 (2.07) | 5.71 (2.71) | 5.07 (1.83) | 5.22 (2.15) | ns | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
Normalised ML Trunk motion (cm/m/s) | 4.67 (1.70) | 5.41 (2.35) | 4.57 (1.57) | 4.57 (1.76) | a, d, e | 0.50 | – | – | 0.46 | 0.51 | – | |
Normalised ML Pelvis motion (cm/m/s) | 4.45 (1.40) | 5.03 (1.86) | 4.27 (1.24) | 4.26 (1.32) | a, d, e | 0.54 | - | – | 0.52 | 0.57 | – | |
COM to base of support distance (cm)* | 4.69 (1.17) | 4.37 (1.20) | 4.51 (1.24) | 4.48 (1.28) | a | 0.34 | – | – | – | – | – |