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Table 1 Participant characteristics; average and ± 1 standard deviation are shown

From: Visual oscillation effects on dynamic balance control in people with multiple sclerosis

 

Walking speed (m/s)

FGA (out of 30)

BBS (out of 56)

10 meter walking (s) (Normal, Fast)

Control (n = 11)

0.90 ± 0.10

30.0 ± 0.0

56.0 ± 0.0

5.34 ± 0.70

3.89 ± 0.41

MS (n = 14)

0.74 ± 0.17

27.8 ± 1.8

54.7 ± 1.5

6.70 ± 0.9

5.00 ± 1.15

Statistical Analysis

p < 0.05

t = 2.75

p < 0.01

t = 3.96

p < 0.01

t = 2.85

p < 0.01

t = − 4.13

p < 0.01

t = − 3.05

  1. The results of unpaired t-tests between the two groups are shown, in which the p-value (p) and t-value (t) are provided. The degrees of freedom was 23 for all tests. Note: the walking speed was the actual speed used on the treadmill for experimentation, while the 10-m walking time was used as an assessment of gait function. For the FGA, in older adults scores < 22 would indicate a risk for falls with ~ 4 points indicating a minimal clinically important difference [62]. For the BBS a value of < 40 would indicate an increased fall risk [63]. For the 10-m walking test the minimal detectable change is 1.56 s [64]