Table 2 Methodological quality of the included studies—assessed with the 11-item PEDro scale
From: Non-invasive brain stimulation for improving gait, balance, and lower limbs motor function in stroke
PEDro scale items | tDCS/tACS/tsDCS studies | rTMS studies | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | Bornheim et al. [46] | Chang et al. [48] | Tahtis et al. [59] | Manji et al. [53] | Sayes et al. [57] | Andrade et al. [45] | Klomjai et al. [50] | Geroin et al. [49] | Madhavan et al. [52] | Picelli et al. [56] | Picelli et al. [54] | Picelli et al. [55] | Madhavan et al. [52] | Koganemaru et al. [51] | Zandvliet et al. [60] | Seo et al. [58] | Cattagni et al. [47] | Sasaki et al. [67] | Kim et al. [63] | Huang et al. [62] | Lin et al. [65] | Koch et al. [64] | Chiefflo et al. [61] | Wang et al. [20] | Rastgoo et al. [66] | Wang et al. [68] |
Eligibility criteria specified |  +  |  +  |  +  |  +  |  +  |  +  |  +  |  +  |  +  |  +  |  +  |  +  |  +  |  +  |  +  |  +  |  +  |  +  |  +  |  +  |  +  |  +  |  +  |  +  |  +  |  +  |
Random allocation | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Concealed allocation | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Comparable baseline | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Subject blinding | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Therapist blinding | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Assessor blinding | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Less than 15% dropouts | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Intention-to-treat analysis | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Between-group comparison | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Point estimates and variability | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
PEDro score total (0–10) | ## | 7 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 9 | 6 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 5 | 7 | 9 | 7 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 8 | 6 | 7 |