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Fig. 5 | Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation

Fig. 5

From: The effects of visual context on visual-vestibular mismatch revealed by electrodermal and postural response measures

Fig. 5

Conceptual schematic summarizing the results of this study and future recommendations for treatment of VVM. A Visual, vestibular, and proprioceptive pathways were simultaneously disturbed during the experimental protocol, thereby modifying the sensory-motor integration task. B Results of both objective (EDA) and subjective (RFT and outcomes) measures revealed distinct differences between the + VVM and −VVM groups, possibly indicative of dysfunction of the vestibular otoliths with + VVM. C Impaired sensory processing in the CNS produces an impaired perception of vertical in the + VVM group, resulting in impaired compensatory postural behaviors. Potential interventions should focus on delivering augmented feedback to both segmental and higher order mechanisms in order to compensate for canal-otolith dysfunction. VVM  visual-vestibular mismatch, CNS  central nervous system, ANS  autonomic nervous system, EDA  electrodermal activity, RFT  Rod and Frame test, ABC  Activities of Balance Confidence scale, DHI  Dizziness Handicap Inventory, VVAS  Visual Vertigo Analog Scale, VSS  Vertigo Symptoms Scale

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